Examination of Electron Transfer Mechanism of Cyanidin

Cyanidin, as one important plant pigment, was theoretically (at M05-2X/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory) investigated for its ability to scavenge potentially, highly damaging hydroxyl radical. Free radical scavenging of cyanidin was studied through electron transfer mechanism – ET (the second step in SPLET mechanism) in water and ethanol, as solvents. Examination was performed using density functional theory (DFT) and Marcus theory. Based on the thermochemical and kinetic data, it is clear that O‒H group of cyanidin in position 3` is the most suitable for reaction with hydroxyl radical through mentioned antioxidant mechanism

Analiza kvaliteta i količine semena višegodišnjih trava pri procesu dorade

This paper presents an analysis of the impact of the initial purity of natural seeds of perennial grasses in the amount of processed seed in the processing process. It also determined the quality of processed seed. It is important that the difference between assessed amounts of pure seeds in laboratory is lower than the actual amount of obtained seeds in processing. In the natural seed, different amount of the variety of inert matter and seeds of weeds could be found. It is very difficult to separate it in the finishing process. The content of the pure seed, inert matter, weeds and other species in the revised seed are defined by the “Rules of the seed quality”. The six lots of perennial grasses seeds of different purity were processed. There were three lots of meadow fescue, two lots of tall fescue and one lot of cocksfoot. Quantity of processed seed, losses of seeds and processing output was determined at the end of the seed processing.U radu je prikazana analiza uticaja početne čistoće naturalnog semena višegodišnjih trava na količinu dorađenog semena pri procesu dorade. Takođe je određen kvalitet dorađenog semena. Pri procesu dorade semena višegodišnjih trava važno je da razlika između količine čistog semena koja se laboratorijski proceni pri prijemu semena i stvarne količine dobijenog semena u pogonu za doradu bude što manja. U naturalnom semenu se nalaze korovi i inertne materije koji se veoma teško odvajaju pri doradi. Pravilnikom o kvalitetu semena definisan je sadržaj čistog semena, inertnih materija, korova i drugih vrsta u dorađenom semenu. Dorađivano je šest partija naturalnog semena višegodišnjih trava različitih čistoća. Tri partije livadskog vijuka, dve partije visokog vijuka i jedna partija ježevice. Na kraju procesa dorade određena je količina dorađenog semena, gubici semena i randman dorade

Hemijski sastav kukuruza i soje kao združenih useva u postrnoj setvi

In this study, the chemical composition of mixed crops of corn and soybeans in double cropping was investigated. Mixtures have uniform chemical composition in relation to the pure corn and soybeancrops. Mixtures of corn and soybean have resulted in higher content of protein, fat, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium compared to the pure corncrop. The quantity of nutrients in corn and soybean mixturemakes it a good forage for nutritionof ruminants.U ovim istraživanjima ispitivan je hemijski sastav kukuruza i soje i njihovih smeša u postrnoj setvi. Smeše imaju ujednačeniji hemijski sastav u odnosu na čist usev kukuruza i soje. Smeše kukuruza i soje su imale veći sadržaj proteina, masti, fosfora, kalcijima i magnezijuma u odnosu na čist usev kukuruza. Količine hranljivih materija u smešama kukuruza i soje predstavljaju dobru voluminoznu hranu za ishranu preživara

Kvantitativni i kvalitativni pokazatelji efikasnosti dorade semena lucerke

This paper represents analysis of the impact of initial purity of naturalized alfalfa seed on the resulting amount of processed seed in the process of processing. In the processing of was determined amount of processed seed and waste. When processing alfalfa seed is very important that the difference between the amount of pure seed that laboratory assessment and the actual amount obtained seed at the facility for processing is lower. One of the big problems in the processing alfalfa seed is that it is being worked out seeds with a certain percentage of weeds which are difficult to separate during processing, especially quarantine weed dodder and curly dock. By law the processed alfalfa seed is not allowed to attend any grain dodder. Were processed three parties of natural alfalfa seed variety purity. Also, after each stage of treatment, were determined losses seed.U radu je obavljena analiza uticaja početne čistoće naturalnog semena lucerke na dobijenu količinu dorađenog semena pri procesu dorade. U procesu dorade semena određivana je količina dorađenog semena i otpada. Pri doradi semena lucerke veoma je važno da razlika između količine čistog semena koja se laboratorijski proceni i stvarne količine dobijenog semena u pogonu za doradu bude što manja. Jedan od velikih problema pri doradi semena lucerke je taj da se dorađuje seme sa određenim procentom korova koji se veoma teško odvajaju pri doradi, naročito karantinski korovi kao što su vilina kosica i štavelj. Po zakonu u dorađenom semenu lucerke nije dozvoljeno prisustvo ni jednog zrna viline kosice. Dorađivane su tri partija naturalnog semena lucerke različite čistoće. Posle svake etape procesa dorade određivani su gubici semena

Parametri efikasnosti mašina za dorado semena crvene deteline i lucerke

The paper presents the testing results during seed processing of natural seed of red clover and alfalfa, with different initial purity. Because of their exceptional importance in the production of animal feed in the Republic of Serbia, a large number of perennial leguminous plants are grown. The most important leguminous fodders in Serbia are alfalfa and red clover. This is because of the areas they occupy, as well as the nutritional quality for domestic animals. The seed used for the crop establishment of these plants must be clean, with high germination and genetic value. Many of these requirements could be accomplished by seed processing and removing all impurities and seeds of poorer quality. The aim of this study was to show the parameters of efficiency of processing machines of these two perennial legumes seed. The basic indicators of the parameters of efficiency of seed processing are the quality and quantity of the obtained seed. All relevant parameters which define the characteristics of seed processing machines are presented: pure seed (%), weed and other seed crops (%), inert matter (%), amount of processed seed (kg), seed losses (%) and processing output (%). The obtained results enable the selection of suitable equipment and their proper adjustment for seed processing, depending on the quantity and type of weeds and other ingredients presented in the natural seed.Rad prikazuje rezultate ispitivanja dorade naturalnog semena crvene deteline i lucerke različitih početnih čistoća, na mašinama za doradu. U Republici Srbiji gaji se veći broj višegodišnjih leguminoza zbog njihovog izuzetnog značaja u proizvodnji stočne hrane. Najznačajnije višegodišnje krmne leguminoze u Srbiji po površinama na kojima se gaje, kao i po kvalitetu hraniva u ishrani domaćih životinja su lucerka i crvena detelina. Seme koje se koristi za setvu za njihovu proizvodnju mora da bude čisto, visoke klijavosti i genetske vrednosti. Svi ovi zahtevi ostvaruje se doradom, odnosno odstranjivanjem svih nečistoća i semena lošijeg kvaliteta. Cilj ispitivanja bio je da se pri doradi semena ove dve višegodišnje leguminoze prikažu koji su parametri efikasnosti mašina za doradu. Prikazani su svi relevantni parametri koji definišu karakteristike mašina za doradu semena, a to su: čisto seme (%), seme korova i seme drugih kultura (%), inertne materije (%), količina dorađenog semena (kg), gubici semena (%) i randman dorade (%). Dobijeni rezultati omogućavaju izbor odgovarajućih mašina i njihovo pravilno podešavanje pri doradi semena, u zavisnosti od količine i vrste korova i ostalih primesa koje se nalaze u naturalnom semenu

Uticaj godine i primene molibdena na klijavost i krupnoću semena lucerke

The aim of these researhes was to examine the impact of year and foliar application of molybdenum on germination capacity and absolute mass of alfalfa seed. In the investigation year, meteorological factors showed large variations and great impact on germination capacity and size of seed. Observed by years, absolute mass ranged from 1.82 g to 2.02 g. Germination ranged from 72.85% to 86.5%. Germination and 1000 seed weight were the worst in the year when high total precipitation and precipitation in the period of flowering, pollination and seed filling were observed (June, July, August). Foliar application of molybdenum showed no effect on size of alfalfa seed and germination.Ispitivan je uticaj godine i folijarne primene molibdena na klijavost i apsolutnu masu semena lucerke. U ispitivanim godinama meteorološki faktori su pokazali veliko variranje i veliki uticaj na klijavost krupnoću semena. Posmatrano po godinama, apsolutna masa se kretala u intervalu od 1,82 g do 2,02 g. Klijavost se kretala u intervalu od 72.85% do 86.5%. Klijavost i masa 1.000 semena su najlošiji u godini kada su zabeležene velike ukupne količine padavina i količine padavina u periodu cvetanja, oprašivanja i nalivanja semena (jun, jul, avgust). Folijarna primena molibdena nije pokazala značajan uticaj na krupnoću i klijavost semena lucerk