Power monitoring in a feedforward photonic network using two output detectors

Programmable feedforward photonic meshes of Mach-Zehnder interferometers are computational optical circuits that have many classical and quantum computing applications including machine learning, sensing, and telecommunications. Such devices can form the basis of energy-efficient photonic neural networks, which solve complex tasks using photonics-accelerated matrix multiplication on a chip, and which may require calibration and training mechanisms. Such training can benefit from internal optical power monitoring and physical gradient measurement for optimizing controllable phase shifts to maximize some task merit function. Here, we design and experimentally verify a new architecture capable of power monitoring any waveguide segment in a feedforward photonic circuit. Our scheme is experimentally realized by modulating phase shifters in a 6 x 6 triangular mesh silicon photonic chip, which can non-invasively (i.e., without any internal "power taps ") resolve optical powers in a 3 x 3 triangular mesh based on response measurements in only two output detectors. We measure roughly 3% average error over 1000 trials in the presence of systematic manufacturing and environmental drift errors and verify scalability of our procedure to more modes via simulation

A tuning method for photonic integrated circuits in presence of thermal, cross talk

We present a novel method to perform tuning and locking of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) in presence of thermal cross-talk. The unwanted phase coupling among different elements of the circuit is canceled via exploiting the eigen-vectors of the thermally coupled system. The effectiveness of the proposed method is proved on PIC architectures, based on microring resonators (MRRs) and Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs)

Scalable low-latency optical phase sensor array

Optical phase measurement is critical for many applications, and traditional approaches often suffer from mechanical instability, temporal latency, and computational complexity. In this paper, we describe compact phase sensor arrays based on integrated photonics, which enable accurate and scalable reference-free phase sensing in a few measurement steps. This is achieved by connecting multiple two-port phase sensors into a graph to measure relative phases between neighboring and distant spatial locations. We propose an efficient post-processing algorithm, as well as circuit design rules to reduce random and biased error accumulations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system in both simulations and experiments with photonics integrated circuits. The proposed system measures the optical phase directly without the need for external references or spatial light modulators, thus providing significant benefits for applications including microscope imaging and optical phased arrays

Establishing Multiple Chip-to-Chip Orthogonal Free-Space Optical Channels using Programmable Silicon Photonics Meshes

Two silicon photonics programmable meshes of Mach-Zehnder interferometers are used to automatically establish chip-to-chip orthogonal free-space communication links. Optimum channels with mutual isolation of more than 30dB are found even in case of a misaligned link or in presence of an obstacle in the path

Self-Configuring Silicon-Photonic Receiver for Multimode Free Space Channels

A self-configuring mesh of silicon Mach-Zehnder Interferometers is employed to receive two spatially overlapped orthogonal beams modulated at 10 Gbit/s. These beams, sharing the same wavelength and state of polarization, are separated with more than 30 dB isolation, and sorted out with no signal degradation

Experimental evaluation of digitally verifiable photonic computing for blockchain and cryptocurrency

As blockchain technology and cryptocurrency become increasingly mainstream, photonic computing has emerged as an efficient hardware platform that reduces ever-increasing energy costs required to verify transactions in decentralized cryptonetworks. To reduce sensitivity of these verifications to photonic hardware error, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a cryptographic scheme, LightHash, that implements robust, low-bit precision matrix multiplication in programmable silicon photonic networks. We demonstrate an error mitigation scheme to reduce error by averaging computation across circuits, and simulate energy-efficiency-error trade-offs for large circuit sizes. We conclude that our error-resistant and efficient hardware solution can potentially generate a new market for decentralized photonic blockchain

Multimode Free Space Optical Link Enabled by SiP Integrated Meshes

A silicon photonic mesh of tuneable Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs) is employed to receive two spatially-overlapped Hermite-Gaussian beams modulated at 10 Gbit/s, sharing the same wavelength and state of polarization. The mesh automatically self-configures, separating and sorting the two beams out without any excess loss

Separating arbitrary free-space beams with an integrated photonic processor

Free-space optics naturally offers multiple-channel communications and sensing exploitable in many applications. The different optical beams will, however, generally be overlapping at the receiver, and, especially with atmospheric turbulence or other scattering or aberrations, the arriving beam shapes may not even be known in advance. We show that such beams can be still separated in the optical domain, and simultaneously detected with negligible cross-talk, even if they share the same wavelength and polarization, and even with unknown arriving beam shapes. The kernel of the adaptive multibeam receiver presented in this work is a programmable integrated photonic processor that is coupled to free-space beams through a two-dimensional array of optical antennas. We demonstrate separation of beam pairs arriving from different directions, with overlapping spatial modes in the same direction, and even with mixing between the beams deliberately added in the path. With the circuit’s optical bandwidth of more than 40 nm, this approach offers an enabling technology for the evolution of FSO from single-beam to multibeam space-division multiplexed systems in a perturbed environment, which has been a game-changing transition in fiber-optic systems

Silicon Photonic Bragg Grating Structures for Spectral Filtering.

Integrated optical filters play a key role in modern optical systems, finding extensive applications in quantum optics, biosensing, programmable photonics, and telecommunications. Among the most commonly used structures utilized for implementing integrated optical filters are ring resonators and Bragg gratings. Bragg gratings are characterized by a periodically perturbed refractive index profile along the propagation direction. By precisely engineering the strength of the perturbation along the grating length, filters with arbitrary spectral responses can be achieved. In this work we summarize our recent contributions to integrated Bragg filters in Si-photonics, covering designs for applications ranging from telecommunications to quantum optics.We acknowledge funding from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, PID2019- 106747RB-I00, PRE2020-096438, PID2020-115204RB-I00, TED2021-130400B-I00, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, FPU19/02408, FPU21/04914, Junta de Andalucía P18-RT-1453, P18-RT-793, UMA-FEDERJA-158, National Research Council Canada (CSTIP, HTSN210, STR2-0102); and Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech