History of ayahuasca use and medical status variables’ relationship with the presence of adverse physical effects for each factor.

History of ayahuasca use and medical status variables’ relationship with the presence of adverse physical effects for each factor.</p

Samples characteristics ^a^, ^b.

Samples characteristics a, b.</p

History of ayahuasca use and medical status variables’ relationship with adverse mental health effects for each factor.

History of ayahuasca use and medical status variables’ relationship with adverse mental health effects for each factor.</p

Functional connectivity of the affective network (AN).

<p>Significant voxels of the dorsal nexus (DMPFC) showing reduced functional connectivity to the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) seed region (blue) 24 hours after ketamine administration (n = 17, whole brain paired t-test: baseline(ketamine)-follow-up(ketamine); p_uncorr<0.001, extent threshold of k>13, corresponds to a cluster-level p_corr<0.1 indicating trend-level significance). The color bar indicates z values. The bar diagram represents the change in functional connectivity (Fisher z-transformed correlation values) of the dorsal nexus to the sgACC from baseline to follow-up for the ketamine (red) and placebo condition (blue) (n = 17, paired t-test: p = 0.001; error bars = s.e.m.).</p

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Frequency of participants’ reported adverse physical effects (n = 8,216).

Frequency of participants’ reported adverse physical effects (n = 8,216).</p

History of ayahuasca use and medical status variables’ relationships with the presence of adverse physical effects.

History of ayahuasca use and medical status variables’ relationships with the presence of adverse physical effects.</p

Frequency of participants’ reported adverse mental health effects.

Frequency of participants’ reported adverse mental health effects.</p

Seed region selection.

<p>Each of the four solid circles corresponds to a seed region in the Cognitive Control Network (CCN; purple): dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC); in the Default Mode Network (DMN; green): posterior cingulate cortex (PCC); in the Affective Network (AN; orange): subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC); and in the amygdala (red).</p

Functional connectivity across the whole experiment.

<p>The bar diagrams represent the functional connectivity (Fisher z-transformed correlation values after global mean regression) for the following experimental conditions: baseline and follow-up (ketamine; red); baseline and follow-up (placebo; blue). From left to right: Dorsal nexus (DN) connectivity to the left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC); medioprefrontal cortex (MPFC) and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (PACC) connectivity to the left PCC; subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) connectivity to the DN (n = 17, paired t-tests; error bars = s.e.m.).</p