Equilibrium Cycles in a Two-Sector Economy with Sector Specific Externality

In this paper, we study the two-sector CES economy with sector-specific externality (feedback effects) following Nishimura and Venditti \(2004). We characterize the equilibrium paths in the case that allows negative externality. That equilibrium paths were not explicitly discussed by Nishimura and Venditti and show how the degree of externality may generate equilibrium cycles around the steady state.Two-sector economy, sector-specific externalities, indeterminacy, period-two cycles, capital-labor substitution

Characterization of Equilibrium Paths in a Two-Sector Economy with CES Production Functions and Sector-Specific Externality

In this paper, we study a two-sector CES economy with sector-specific externality as described by Nishimura and Venditti (2004). We characterize the equilibrium paths in the case that allows negative externality as that equlibrium paths were not explicitly discussed by Nishimura and Venditti. We show how the degree of externality affects the local behavior of the equilibrium path around the steady state.Two-sector economy, sector-specific externalities, indeterminacy, capital-labor substitution

Equilibrium Cycles in a Two-Sector Economy with Sector Specific Externality

In this paper, we study the two-sector CES economy with sector-specific externality (feedback effects) following Nishimura and Venditti \(2004). We characterize the equilibrium paths in the case that allows negative externality. That equilibrium paths were not explicitly discussed by Nishimura and Venditti and show how the degree of externality may generate equilibrium cycles around the steady state

Characterization of Equilibrium Paths in a Two-Sector Economy with CES Production Functions and Sector-Specific Externality

In this paper, we study a two-sector CES economy with sector-specific externality as described by Nishimura and Venditti (2004). We characterize the equilibrium paths in the case that allows negative externality as that equlibrium paths were not explicitly discussed by Nishimura and Venditti. We show how the degree of externality affects the local behavior of the equilibrium path around the steady state

The MpsAB Bicarbonate Transporter Is Superior to Carbonic Anhydrase in Biofilm-Forming Bacteria with Limited CO 2 Diffusion

CO2 and bicarbonate are required for carboxylation reactions, which are essential in most bacteria. To provide the cells with sufficient CO2, there exist two dissolved inorganic carbon supply (DICS) systems: the membrane potential-generating system (MpsAB) and the carbonic anhydrase (CA). Recently, it has been shown that MpsAB is a bicarbonate transporter that is present not only in photo- and auto-trophic bacteria, but also in a diverse range of nonautotrophic microorganisms. Since the two systems rarely coexist in a species but are interchangeable, we investigated what advantages the one system might have over the other. Using the genus Staphylococcus as a model, we deleted the CA gene can in Staphylococcus car-nosus and mpsABC genes in Staphylococcus aureus. Deletion of the respective gene in one or the other species led to growth inhibition that could only be reversed by CO2 supplementation. While the S. carnosus Δcan mutant could be fully complemented with mpsABC,the S. aureus ΔmpsABC mutant was only partially complemented by can, suggesting that MpsAB outperforms CA. Interestingly, we provide evidence that mucus biofilm formation such as that involving polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) impedes the diffusion of CO2 into cells, making MpsAB more advantageous in biofilm-producing strains or species. Coexpression of MpsAB and CA does not confer any growth benefits, even under stress conditions. In conclusion, the distribution of MpsAB or CA in bacteria does not appear to be random as expression of bicarbonate transporters provides an advantage where diffusion of CO2 is impeded. IMPORTANCE CO2 and bicarbonate are required for carboxylation reactions in central metabolismandbiosynthesisofsmallmoleculesinallbacteria.Thisisachievedbytwo different systems for dissolved inorganic carbon supply (DICS): these are the membrane potential-generating system (MpsAB) and the carbonic anhydrase (CA), but both rarely coexist in a given species. Here, we compared both systems and demonstrate that the distribution of MpsAB and/or CA within the phylum Firmicutes is apparently not random. The bicarbonate transporter MpsAB has an advantage in species where CO2 diffusion is hampered—for instance, in mucus- and biofilm-forming bacteria. However, coexpression of MpsAB and CA does not confer any growth benefits, even under stress conditions. Given the clinical relevance of Staphylococcus in the medical environment, such findings contribute to the understanding of bacterial metabolism and thus are crucial for exploration of potential targets for antimicrobials. The knowledge gained here as exemplified by staphylococcal species could be extended to other pathogenic bacteria.Fil: Fan, Sook Ha. Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen.; AlemaniaFil: Matsuo, Miki. Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen.; AlemaniaFil: Huang, Lili. Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen.; AlemaniaFil: Tribelli, Paula Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Götz, Friedrich. Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen.; Alemani

99m-Technetium galactosyl human serum albumin scanning to evaluate liver function after stereotactic body radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report

The primary choice among treatment options for liver malignancies is surgery. However, if surgery cannot be performed, Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) may be effective. 99m-technetium galactosyl human serum albumin (GSA) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging is useful for the assessment of liver function before surgery. We report the case of a 77-year-old man who had undergone SBRT for hepatocellular carcinoma of the left lobe of the liver 2 years previously. Follow-up revealed a 15-mm hepatocellular carcinoma at the edge of the right lobe of the liver. 99m-technetium GSA SPECT was performed before SBRT to confirm that there was no accumulation in the left lobe and to ensure that there was good function of the right lobe. Three months after SBRT, the tumor had responded, and decreases in GSA accumulation were observed in line with the radiation beam. Because hepatocellular carcinoma often relapses, it is important to assess the anatomic site of liver dysfunction before and after radiation. This case demonstrates that 99m-technetium GSA SPECT is useful for this purpose