PAX2 promoted prostate cancer cell invasion through transcriptional regulation of HGF in an in vitro model

AbstractElucidating the mechanism of prostate cancer cell invasion may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic strategies for its treatment. Paired box 2 (PAX2) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) proteins are promoters of prostate cancer cell invasion. We found that PAX2 protein activated the HGF gene promoter through histone H3 acetylation and upregulated HGF gene expression. Deletion analysis revealed that the region from −637 to −314 of the HGF gene was indispensable for HGF promoter activation by PAX2. This region contains consensus PAX2 binding sequences and mutations of the sequences attenuated HGF promoter activation. Using an in vitro invasion model, we found that PAX2 and HGF promoted prostate cancer cell invasion in the same pathway. Knockdown of HGF expression attenuated the cells' invasive capacity. Moreover, in tissue samples of human prostate cancers, HGF and PAX2 expression levels were positively correlated. These results suggested that upregulation of HGF gene expression by PAX2 enhanced the invasive properties of prostate cancer cells. The PAX2/HGF pathway in prostate cancer cells may be a novel therapeutic target in prostate cancer patients

Association between shift work and the risk of death from biliary tract cancer in Japanese men

Background: There is increasing evidence suggesting that shift work involving night work may increase cancer risk. Methods: We examined the association between working rotating shifts and the risk of death from biliary tract cancer among Japanese men who participated in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. Of the 46, 395 men recruited, 22, 224 men aged 40-65 at baseline (1988-1990) who reported working full-time or were self-employed were included in the present analysis. The study subjects were followed through December 31, 2009. Information regarding occupation and lifestyle factors was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for the risk of death from biliary tract cancer in relation to shift work. Results: During a mean 17-year follow-up, we observed 94 biliary tract cancer deaths, including 23 deaths from gallbladder cancer and 71 deaths from extrahepatic bile duct cancer. Overall, shift work was associated with a statistically non-significant increase in the risk of biliary tract cancer, with an HR of 1.50 (95 % CI: 0.81-2.77), among rotating shift workers. When the analysis was limited to extrahepatic bile duct cancer, a significant association appeared, with a multivariable-adjusted HR of 1.93 (95 % CI: 1.00-3.72) for rotating shift workers. Conclusion: Our data indicate that shift work may be associated with increased risk of death from extrahepatic bile duct cancer in this cohort of Japanese men. The association with gallbladder cancer remains unclear because of the small number of deaths

重複腎盂尿管と尿管異所開口を伴った巨大水腎症の1例

33歳女.腹部膨隆を主訴とし, 腹部超音波検査, DIPと順行性腎盂造影, CT, MRI, 膀胱鏡検査等で, 両側重複腎盂尿管の右上半腎より発生した巨大水腎症と術前診断された.腰部斜切開で後腹膜腔に入ると右上半腎所属の尿管は明らかな腎盂尿管移行部狭窄を伴っており, これにより巨大水腎症が発生したと思われた.尿管異所開口の部位は断定できないが, すくなくとも外尿道括約筋群よりも遠位であると考えられた.巨大水腎とその所属尿管は一塊として摘出され, 巨大水腎の内容量は2, 640mlであった.術後1年目のDIPで良好な経過を取っているGiant hydronephrosis is an uncommon clinical entity. Even more uncommon is the association of giant hydronephrosis with a double collecting system and ectopic ureter. Here, we report a case of giant hydronephrosis of the bilateral duplex systems associated with ureteral ectopia. The patient underwent upper pole nephrectomy and upper ureterectomy. To our knowledge, only four similar cases have been reported previously

同一腎に腎細胞癌と腎血管筋脂肪腫を合併した1例

結節性硬化症の合併は認めない.腹部超音波検査にて, 右腎の中部外側に高エコーを呈する腫瘤を, 下極付近に前者よりも更に高エコーを呈する腫瘤と指摘され当科受診.CT, MRI, 血管造影にて, 右腎中部外側の腫瘤は腎細胞癌と術前診断された.1990年3月経腹膜的根治的右腎摘除術を施行, 中部外側の腫瘍は腎細胞癌, alveolar type, common type, clear cell subtype, G1と, 下極付近の腫瘍は腎血管筋脂肪腫と病理診断された.術後経過は良好で, 術後61ヵ月再発転移を認めないCoexistence of renal cell carcinoma and angiomyolipoma in the same kidney is rare. A 54-year-old woman without tuberous sclerosis was admitted for further examination of incidental renal masses on ultrasonography. Computerized tomography revealed a 17-mm high density mass in the mediolateral portion of the right kidney and a 5-mm low density mass near the right lower pole. Because the former mass showed a typical tumor pattern on selective renal angiography and the latter mass was strongly hyperechoic on ultrasonography, a clinical diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma and angiomyolipoma was made. A right radical nephrectomy confirmed the preoperative diagnosis. She has been followed for 61 months with no recurrence

Salvage brachytherapy for locally recurrent prostate cancer after external beam radiotherapy

External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is a standard treatment for prostate cancer. Despite the development of novel radiotherapy techniques such as intensity-modulated conformal radiotherapy, the risk of local recurrence after EBRT has not been obviated. Various local treatment options (including salvage prostatectomy, brachytherapy, cryotherapy, and high-intensity focused ultrasound [HIFU]) have been employed in cases of local recurrence after primary EBRT. Brachytherapy is the first-line treatment for low-risk and selected intermediate-risk prostate tumors. However, few studies have examined the use of brachytherapy to treat post-EBRT recurrent prostate cancer. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current state of our knowledge about the effects of salvage brachytherapy in patients who develop locally recurrent prostate cancer after primary EBRT. This article also introduces our novel permanent brachytherapy salvage method