Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Smooth Muscle Part Ⅱ. Effect of some drugs on the longitudinal muscle of frog intestine

High hydrostatic pressure (50 to 500 kg/㎠) was applied to isolated longitudinal muscle strip (10 to 15 mm long, 2 to 3 mm wide) of frog intestine immersed in Ringer's solution containing some drugs, and from the observation of changes of the tonus and rhythmical movement of the preparation following results were obtained. 1) When a drug acts upon the strip during compression, such as magnesium sulfate, barium chloride, acetylcholine or atropine sulfate, the changes on the strip result in algebraic summation of the pressure- and drug-effects. But the action of adrenaline chloride on the strip is reversed under high hydrostatic pressure. Namely, the movement of the strip inhibited by adrenaline or pressure respectively, but it is augumented when the pressure is applied on the strip immersed in the adrenaline-Ringer's solution. 2) The stimulative effect on the muscle strip under high hydrostatic pressure up to 100 kg/㎠ is of neurogenic nature. But under pressure from 300 to 500 kg/㎠ the first instaneous lengthening of the strip and successive slow shortening are observed and this effect is of myogenic nature. 3) The temporary contraction of the strip immediately after decompression may be considered as an adaptive process in biological phenomenon

Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Smooth Muscle Part Ⅲ. On the pupillary muscle of frog

High hydrostatic pressure (500 kg/㎠ and 1,000 kg/㎠) was applied to an enucleated eyeball and eyeballs of the decapitated frog head, which were suspended in Ringer's solution. Next, some autonomic drugs were added to the solution to make them act on the eyeballs before, during or after compession. By observing the pupillary changes, the following results were obtained. 1) After decompression the pupil becomes wide at first and then narrow. But the miosis after decompression does not occur in the same manner in the enucleated eye as with those of the decapitated head. 2) The effects of autonomic drugs also vary according to the difference whether the eye has connection with the central nervous system or not. 3) These facts appear to prove that high hydrostatic pressure has marked influence on the central nervous system. Its sensitivity to autonomic drugs is remarkably raised by high pressure

Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Smooth Muscle Part Ⅰ. On the longitudinal muscle of frog intestine

When high hydrostatic pressure (50 to 500 kg/㎠) was applied to isolated longitudinal muscle strip (10 to 15 mm long, 2 to 3 mm wide) of frog intestine hanging in Ringer's solution, following changes of its length and rhythmical movement were observed. 1) Under high hydrostatic pressure up to 100 kg/㎠ the rhythmical movement of the strip is accelerated in frequency and tonus effectively, depending on neurogenic nature, and at 300 to 500 kg/㎠ it weakens or disappears. 2) When the pressure of about 300 to 500 kg/㎠ is applied to the muscle strip, it lengthens quickly at first and then conversely shortens gradually after a certain limit of extension, and again the strip contracts rapidly but temporarily and then relaxes slowly. 3) These lengthening and subsequent shortening of the strip under high hydrostatic pressure of 300-500 kg/㎠ seem to to of myogenic nature and not of neurogenic nature

Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Smooth Muscle Part Ⅰ. On the longitudinal muscle of frog intestine

When high hydrostatic pressure (50 to 500 kg/㎠) was applied to isolated longitudinal muscle strip (10 to 15 mm long, 2 to 3 mm wide) of frog intestine hanging in Ringer's solution, following changes of its length and rhythmical movement were observed. 1) Under high hydrostatic pressure up to 100 kg/㎠ the rhythmical movement of the strip is accelerated in frequency and tonus effectively, depending on neurogenic nature, and at 300 to 500 kg/㎠ it weakens or disappears. 2) When the pressure of about 300 to 500 kg/㎠ is applied to the muscle strip, it lengthens quickly at first and then conversely shortens gradually after a certain limit of extension, and again the strip contracts rapidly but temporarily and then relaxes slowly. 3) These lengthening and subsequent shortening of the strip under high hydrostatic pressure of 300-500 kg/㎠ seem to to of myogenic nature and not of neurogenic nature

Fffect of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Cell Division

In order to study the influence of pressure effects on the cell division of sea urchin eggs we have performed a series of experiments to enable us to understand the meaning and the importance of morphogenesis of the embryo. Sea urchin eggs used are of Temnopleurus tereumatics, in the stages of unfertilization to early blastulae. The experimental results can be summarized as follows. 1) In unfertilized eggs the elevation of fertilization membrane is delayed by high pressure of 300 kg/㎠ applied for 15 minutes. The delay is in proportion to the pressure intensity and duration. Neverthless, furrowing process of the egg does proceed after the pressure is withdrawn. 2) Likewise, in fertilized eggs, the furrowing are retarded under high pressure, in fertilized eggs, the furrowing are retarded under high pressure, in proportion to the pressure intensity and duoration. In most cases, however, the rate of the cell division catches up with that of the control before reaching the stages of bastulae. 3) The deformities of pluteus can be observed in applying the pressure neither to unfertilized, nor to fertilized eggs in all stages

Clinical Effect of Yakult (Cow's Milk Fermented by Some Sort of “Family Lactbacillaceae” Commonly Sold as a Soft Drink) Part II. Fluctuation of Vitamin B(1) in the Urine After Drinking Yakult

In order to determine the fluctuation of vitamin B(1) in the urine after drinking "Yakult", cow's milk fermented by some sort of "Family Lactbacillaceae", the authors made normal adults and patients with lung tuberculosis drink one bottle (60 cc) a day of Yakult successively, and estimated their content of vitamin B(1) in their urine polarographically and with paper chromatography. Results are as follows. 1. In the case of one bottle (60 cc) of Yakult successively, there occurs a little increment of vitamin B(1) content in their urine of normal adults comparing with tuberculous patients receiving chemotherapy. 2. In the case of taking one bottle of Yakult, no marked effect can be recognized in their urine of tuberculous patients receiving chemotherapy. However, when three bottles (180 cc) of Yakult are given every day, marked increase of vitamin B(1) can be observed even in their urine of the patients, and also impeding factor in polarographical estimation disappears, proving that Yakult is considerably effective in improving vitamin B(1) metabolism