569 research outputs found
Great Expectations—Flawed Implementation: the Dilemma Surrounding Vulnerable Adult Protection
The Privatization of Big Brother: Protecting Sensitive Personal Information from Commercial Interests in the 21st Century
Great Expectations—Flawed Implementation: the Dilemma Surrounding Vulnerable Adult Protection
Transport Barriers in Magnetized Plasmas -- General Theory with Dynamical Constraints
A fundamental dynamical constraint -- that fluctuation induced
charge-weighted particle flux must vanish -- can prevent instabilities from
accessing the free energy in the strong gradients characteristic of Transport
Barriers (TBs). Density gradients, when larger than a certain threshold, lead
to a violation of the constraint and emerge as a stabilizing force. This
mechanism, then, broadens the class of configurations (in magnetized plasmas)
where these high confinement states can be formed and sustained. The need for
velocity shear, the conventional agent for TB formation, is obviated. The most
important ramifications of the constraint is to permit a charting out of the
domains conducive to TB formation and hence to optimally confined fusion worthy
states; the detailed investigation is conducted through new analytic methods
and extensive gyrokinetic simulations
Roman-Cosmic Noon: A Legacy Spectroscopic Survey of Massive Field and Protocluster Galaxies at
Protoclusters are the densest regions in the distant universe () and are
the progenitors of massive galaxy clusters () in
the local universe. They undoubtedly play a key role in early massive galaxy
evolution and they may host the earliest sites of galaxy quenching or even
induce extreme states of star formation. Studying protoclusters therefore not
only gives us a window into distant galaxy formation but also provides an
important link in our understanding of how dense structures grow over time and
modify the galaxies within them. Current protocluster samples are completely
unable to address these points because they are small and selected in a
heterogeneous way. We propose the Roman-Cosmic Noon survey, whose centerpiece
is an extremely deep (30ksec) and wide area (10 deg) prism slitless
spectroscopy survey to identify the full range of galaxy structures at .
This survey will include 1500 uniformly selected protoclusters, their
surrounding cosmic web environments, and at least 15,000 protocluster galaxies
with across the full range of star formation
histories as well as many more lower mass star-forming galaxies. The survey
will also contain field galaxies to much lower masses than in the High Latitude
Wide Area Survey, but over an area dwarfing any current or planned deep
spectroscopy probe at . With the prism spectroscopy and some modest
additional imaging this survey will measure precise stellar mass functions,
quenched fractions, galaxy and protocluster morphologies, stellar ages,
emission-line based SFRs, and metallicities. It will have extensive legacy
value well beyond the key protocluster science goals.Comment: Submitted to the 2023 call for White Papers regarding the Roman
Mission Core Community Surveys, 6 pages, 3 figure
USU Teaching Documentation: Dossiers from the Mentoring Program
The nation\u27s land grant institutions were founded on the principle of access for the general public to the knowledge gained through research and creative activity fostered in higher education. Central to our access mission is our dedication to teaching and learning that is informed by research and discovery, both of which must result, at least in part, from our engagement with our external constituents. That teaching and learning informs our research and vice versa; our research informs and aids in our teaching mission.
This work, compiled by Professors Maria Luisa Spicer-Escalante and Cathy Ferrand Bullock, is focused on how the best, highly informed teaching is accomplished when done in an intentional manner. That intentional process helps the best university educators thoughtfully build their teaching story in an organized manner. Educators think about how they can successfully reach and engage their appropriate student audiences (or mentees), what they hope to accomplish, and how they intend to accomplish their goals. Further, as learning outcomes are identified and established, first-rate methods for course design, content inclusion, and continuous improvement can be outlined.
Those of us who follow these intentional principles may then detail our growth and success along the way as teachers in the development of documents that tell our stories. Undoubtedly, the ability to clearly document and articulate that story will help academic personnel add to their tenure and promotion preparation in a very meaningful way. But as or even more important is the opportunity to describe these journeys with all the efforts, large and small, of improving their product in terms of learning outcomes and student growth and success.
The nuggets of wisdom compiled by Professors Spicer-Escalante and Bullock, in USU Teaching Documentation: Dossiers from the Mentoring Program, will help teachers across the board from the new lecturer or assistant professor to the experienced professor dive into their teaching programs and find ways to continuously experiment and refine their approaches to our critically important student audiences.
Good luck, teach on, and successfully document some of the most important work you all do!
Frank Galey
Executive Vice President and Provost
Utah State University 2019https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ua_faculty/1000/thumbnail.jp
Influenza A virus challenge models in cynomolgus macaques using the authentic inhaled aerosol and intra-nasal routes of infection
Non-human primates are the animals closest to humans for use in influenza A virus challenge studies, in terms of their phylogenetic relatedness, physiology and immune systems. Previous studies have shown that cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are permissive for infection with H1N1pdm influenza virus. These studies have typically used combined challenge routes, with the majority being intra-tracheal delivery, and high doses of virus (> 107 infectious units). This paper describes the outcome of novel challenge routes (inhaled aerosol, intra-nasal instillation) and low to moderate doses (103 to 106 plaque forming units) of H1N1pdm virus in cynomolgus macaques. Evidence of virus replication and sero-conversion were detected in all four challenge groups, although the disease was sub-clinical. Intra-nasal challenge led to an infection confined to the nasal cavity. A low dose (103 plaque forming units) did not lead to detectable infectious virus shedding, but a 1000-fold higher dose led to virus shedding in all intra-nasal challenged animals. In contrast, aerosol and intra-tracheal challenge routes led to infections throughout the respiratory tract, although shedding from the nasal cavity was less reproducible between animals compared to the high-dose intra-nasal challenge group. Intra-tracheal and aerosol challenges induced a transient lymphopaenia, similar to that observed in influenza-infected humans, and greater virus-specific cellular immune responses in the blood were observed in these groups in comparison to the intra-nasal challenge groups. Activation of lung macrophages and innate immune response genes was detected at days 5 to 7 post-challenge. The kinetics of infection, both virological and immunological, were broadly in line with human influenza A virus infections. These more authentic infection models will be valuable in the determination of anti-influenza efficacy of novel entities against less severe (and thus more common) influenza infections
The Ginninderra CH4 and CO2 release experiment: An evaluation of gas detection and quantification techniques
A methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) release experiment was held from April to June 2015 at the Ginninderra Controlled Release Facility in Canberra, Australia. The experiment provided an opportunity to compare different emission quantification techniques against a simulated CH4 and CO2 point source release, where the actual release rates were unknown to the participants. Eight quantification techniques were assessed: three tracer ratio techniques (two mobile); backwards Lagrangian stochastic modelling; forwards Lagrangian stochastic modelling; Lagrangian stochastic (LS) footprint modelling; atmospheric tomography using point and using integrated line sensors. The majority of CH4 estimates were within 20% of the actual CH4 release rate (5.8 g/min), with the tracer ratio technique providing the closest estimate to both the CH4 and CO2 release rates (100 g/min). Once the release rate was known, the majority of revised estimates were within 10% of the actual release rate. The study illustrates the power of measuring the emission rate using multiple simultaneous methods and obtaining an ensemble median or mean. An ensemble approach to estimating the CH4 emission rate proved successful with the ensemble median estimate within 16% for the actual release rate for the blind release experiment and within 2% once the release rate was known. The release also provided an opportunity to assess the effectiveness of stationary and mobile ground and aerial CH4 detection technologies. Sensor detection limits and sampling rates were found to be significant limitations for CH4 and CO2 detection. A hyperspectral imager\u27s capacity to image the CH4 release from 100 m, and a Boreal CH4 laser sensor\u27s ability to track moving targets suggest the future possibility to map gas plumes using a single laser and mobile aerial reflector
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