LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY IN TREATMENT OF ENDOMETRIAL CANCER (RESULTS OF 7-YEAR CLINICAL EXPERIENCE AT THE N.N. PETROV NATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH ONCOLOGY CENTER)

Introduction. The main method of treatment of endometrial cancer, the most common oncological disease, is surgery. Introduction of high-tech operations into gynecological practice promoted active use of laparoscopy in treatment of malignant tumors of the endometrium.Objective. To evaluate effectiveness of video endoscopic surgery in treatment of endometrial cancer.Materials and methods. In the period from 2010 to 2016, 1127 patients with endometrial cancer underwent surgery using video endoscopic complex with high resolution cameras at the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Oncology Center, Ministry of Health of Russia.Results.  Using video endoscopic technology, excision of the uterus with appendages was performed in 588 (52.3 %) patients, excision of the uterus with appendages and pelvic lymph node dissection was performed in 523 (46.4 %) patients including 16 (1.4 %) patients with serous and papillary serous forms of endometrial cancer who also underwent omentectomy. No intraoperative complications were observed. In the majority of patients, postoperative period was characterized by early activization, satisfactory intestinal peristalsis on day 1, minimal complications, absence of contraindications for adjuvant beam therapy.Conclusion. Video endoscopic technology is a modern method of surgical treatment allowing to perform the full scope of planned radical surgical intervention in patients with endometrial cancer irrespectively of age and concomitant disorders with minimal traumatization, risk of intraand postoperative complications as well as favorable and fast rehabilitation period

The number of transmission channels through a single-molecule junction

We calculate transmission eigenvalue distributions for Pt-benzene-Pt and Pt-butadiene-Pt junctions using realistic state-of-the-art many-body techniques. An effective field theory of interacting $\pi$-electrons is used to include screening and van der Waals interactions with the metal electrodes. We find that the number of dominant transmission channels in a molecular junction is equal to the degeneracy of the molecular orbital closest to the metal Fermi level.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

НЕЙРОЭНДОКРИННЫЕ ОПУХОЛИ ШЕЙКИ МАТКИ

The purpose of the study was to summarize the available data on etiology, diagnosis, clinical symptoms and signs as well as on various approaches to the treatment of neuroendocrine cervical tumors.Material and Methods. The relevant sources were searched in the PubMed and cochrane Library systems, and publications from 1980 to 2019 were analyzed, 53 of which were used to write this review. We also included 6 case reports from N.N. Petrov National Research Center of Oncology.Results. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are extremely rare and aggressive malignancies of the female genital tract, among which NETs of the cervix are the most common. Due to the rarity of these tumors, there are currently no treatment standards based on prospective, well-planned clinical trials. For these reasons, NETs present a significant therapeutic challenge for clinicians. Case reports. Six patients ranged in age from 32 to 71 years, with a median age of 46 years, were diagnosed with large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (4 patients) and small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (2 patients). One patient with stage IIIA dropped out of the follow-up schedule. Out of 5 followed up patients, 2 patients with stage IIIA and IIB died of disease progression after 6 and 11 months, respectively. One patient with stage IB1 is in remission for 16 months. Two patients with stage IIB continue to receive primary treatment.Conclusion. Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix is a rare variant of cervical cancer. The choice of treatment options is decided only by a multidisciplinary team of doctors, and further research is required. Цель исследования – обобщение имеющихся данных об особенности этиологии и диагностики, клинической картине и различных подходах в лечении нейроэндокринных опухолей шейки матки.Материал и методы. Поиск соответствующих источников производился в системах PubMed и cochrane Library, анализировались публикации с 1980 по 2019 г., 53 из которых были использованы для написания данного обзора. Также в публикации освещены 6 случаев собственных наблюдений в НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова.Результаты. Нейроэндокринные опухоли (НЭО) являются крайне редкими и агрессивными злокачественными новообразованиями нижнего женского полового тракта, среди которых НЭО шейки матки встречаются чаще всего. Из-за редкости этих опухолей в настоящее время отсутствуют стандарты по лечению, основанные на проспективных, хорошо спланированных клинических исследованиях. По этим причинам НЭО представляют собой актуальную проблему для клиницистов. По данным собственных наблюдений, в НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова средний возраст пациенток (n=6) составил 46 лет, возрастной диапазон 32–71 год; распределение по гистотипу: крупноклеточная нейроэндокринная карцинома – 4, мелкоклеточная нейроэндокринная карцинома – 2 пациентки. Одна пациентка с IIIA стадией выбыла из наблюдения; из 5 прослеженных 2 пациентки с IIIA и IIB стадией умерли от прогрессирования заболевания через 6 и 11 мес соответственно, 1 пациентка с IB1 стадией после комбинированного лечения находится в ремиссии 16 мес. Две пациентки со IIB стадией в настоящее время продолжают получать первичное лечение.Заключение. Основная клиническая проблема заключается в редкой встречаемости данного гистологического подтипа опухоли шейки матки. Выбор тактики лечения решается мультидисциплинарно и требует дальнейших исследований.