257 research outputs found
Fiksni deo modela za procenu priplodne vrednosti svinja na osnovu veliÄine legla
The goal of this paper was to investigate the effect of various fixed effects on the number of born alive piglets in litter (NBA), based on results of Swedish Landrace sow fertility on three farms in Serbia, in order to determine the best adapted model for assessing genetic parameters and breeding value. Analysis of phenotipic variability of the NBA of Swedish Landrace sows was carried out based on fertility results on three swine farms (A, B and C) in the Republic of Serbia. Data sets encompassed reproduction indicators for 2803 (A), 1826 (B) and 2235 (C) sows, i.e. their 11014, 6757 and 8452 litters, respectively. For this analysis was used fix model of least square method which includes fixed effects of farrowing number, season of conception shown as combination of year and month, litter genotype, duration of previous period from weaning to conception, effect of sow age at farrowing like quadratic regression nested within farrowing number and linear regression influence of duration of previous lactation. The average NBA was within the interval from 9.13 (A) to 9.76 piglets (B and C). The monitored trait statistically highly significantly (p lt 0.001) varied under the effect of all systematic factors encompassed by the applied model, regardless of the source of analyzed data, Only the linear regression effect of duration of previous lactation for farm B was assessed as having lower statistical significance (p lt 0.05).Cilj ovoga rada bio je da se ispita uticaj razliÄitih sistematskih faktora na variranje broja živoroÄene prasadi u leglu (BŽP) radi odreÄivanja najprilagoÄenijeg modela za ocenu genetskih parametara i procenu priplodne vrednosti krmaÄa. Analiza fenotipske varijabilnosti BŽP u leglima krmaÄa rase Å”vedski landras sprovedena je na osnovu reproduktivnih pokazatelja 2803 (farma A), 1826 (farma B) i 2235 (farma C) krmaÄa, odnosno njihovih 11014, 6757 i 8452 legala, respektivno. KoriÅ”Äen je fiksni model metoda najmanjih kvadrata u koga su bili ukljuÄeni uticaj praÅ”enja po redu, sezone uspeÅ”nog pripusta, genotipa legla, trajanja perioda zaluÄenje - oplodnja, kvadratni regresijski uticaj starosti krmaÄe pri praÅ”enju ugnježÄen u okviru praÅ”enja po redu i linearni regresijski uticaj trajanja prethodne laktacije. ProseÄan BŽP se kretao u intervalu od 9.13 (A) do 9.76 (B i C). Svi determinisani uticaji obuhvaÄeni modelom su ispoljili statistiÄki vrlo visoko znaÄajan uticaj (p lt 0.001) na variranje BŽP nezavisno od toga koji set podataka je bio analiziran, osim uticaja trajanja prethodne laktacije na farmi B koji je bio ocenjen kao statistiÄki znaÄajan (p lt 0.05)
Fenotipska varijabilnost osobina plodnosti Äistorasnih krmaÄa u prva tri praÅ”enja
Investigation of the phenotypic variability of fertility traits was performed on Swedish Landrace sows (926 sows) deriving from single herd in Serbia. Data was processed by method of least squares (Harvey, 1990), and following fixed factors were included into the model: sire, season, litter genotype and order of farrowing, as well as regression effect of age at first farrowing, duration of lactation and number of reared (raised) piglets per litter. Traits of litter size varied (P lt 0.01) under the influence of sire and order of parities (first two parities). Number of still born as well as reared piglets per litter depended on the litter genotype (P lt 0.01). Year and season had no effect on variation of litter size traits except LWW (first two and three parities). Age of sows at first farrowing demonstrated linear effect (P lt 0.01) on size of their litter at farrowing (first three parities). Litter size and weight at weaning were under regression effect of lactation duration as well as corrected litter size (CLS) or number of weaned piglets (NW).Ispitivanje fenotipske varijabilnosti osobina plodnosti krmaÄa rase Å”vedski landras sprovedeno je u jednom zapatu svinja u Srbiji. Podaci su analizirani primenom razliÄitih modela metoda najmanjih kvadrata (Harvey, 1990), u koje su bili ukljuÄeni sledeÄi fiksni uticaji: otac, godina, sezona, genotip legla i redosled praÅ”enja, kao i regresijski uticaji uzrasta pri prvom praÅ”enju, trajanja laktacije i broja gajene prasadi u leglu. Istraživanjem je bilo obuhvaÄeno 926 krmaÄa i njihova 926 prva, 1598 prva dva i 2115 prva tri praÅ”enja. ProseÄna ispoljenost trajanja perioda od zaluÄenja do estrusa i oplodnje (W-E i W-C), broja živoroÄene (NBA), ukupnoroÄene (TNB), mrtvoroÄene (NSB) i odgajene prasadi (NW) kao i mase legla pri zaluÄenju (LWW) u prvom, prva dva i prva tri praÅ”enja je bila: 9.77, 8.51, 7.80; 23.77, 20.98, 19.49; 8.31, 8.91, 9.19; 8.87, 9.46, 9.78; 0.56, 0.54, 0.51; 7.57, 8.04, 8.24 i 52.43, 58.18, 61.10, respektivno. Osobine veliÄine legla su varirale (P lt 0.01) pod uticajem oca i redosleda praÅ”enja (prva dva praÅ”enja). Broj mrtvoroÄene kao i odgajene prasadi u leglu zavisili su od genotipa legla (P lt 0.01). Godina i sezona nisu uticale na variranje osobina veliÄine legla osim na LWW (prva dva i tri praÅ”enja). Uzrast krmaÄa pri prvom praÅ”enju ispoljio je linearan uticaj (P lt 0.01) na veliÄinu njihovih legala pri praÅ”enju (prva tri praÅ”enja). VeliÄina i masa legla pri zaluženju su bili pod regresijskim uticajem trajanja laktacije, korigovane veliÄine legla (CLS) ili broja odgajene prasadi (NW)
Uticaj obima analiziranih podataka na taÄnost selekcijskih indeksa za procenu priplodne vrednosti krmaÄa
Objective of this paper was to establish to what extent the accuracy of constructed selection indices will be changed depending on the scope of analyzed data relating to fertility based on which parameters necessary for construction of selection indices (SI) were established. Fertility results of Swedish Landrace sows obtained on three farms in Republic of Serbia (farms 1, 2 and 3) were analyzed. Parameters necessary for construction of SI were determined by application of different mixed models of the method of Least Squares. For each farm three SI were constructed for evaluation of sow breeding value based on realized fertility in the way that parameters necessary for SI construction were calculated based on fertility results in the first (SI1), first two (SI2) and first three farrowings (SI3). Accuracy of constructed Sis varied within following limits - from low rIH = 0.255 (SI3 for Farm 2) to rIH = 0.405 (SI1 for Farm 3), and only in the case of SI2 for Farm 2 it was in the category of very low (rIH = 0.231). Introduction into analysis of fertility results realized in the second and third farrowing resulted in decrease of accuracy of constructed selection indices.U ovom radu rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je taÄnost selekcijskih indeksa konstruisanih na osnovu parametara ocenjenih analizom rezultata plodnosti (BŽP i BOP) ostvarenih na posmatranim farmama bila od rIH = 0.255 (SI3 za Farmu 2) do rIH = 0.405 (SI1 za Farmu 3), a samo je u sluÄaju SI2 za Farmu 2 bila u kategoriji jako slabe (rIH = 0.231). PoveÄanje obima analiziranih rezultata plodnosti dovelo je do smanjenja taÄnosti SI
Uticaj obima analiziranih podataka na vrednost koeficijenata heritabiliteta osobina veliÄine legla svinja
Low heritability of pig litter size traits at birth (number of live born piglets - LBP and total born piglets - TBP) and weaning (number of reared piglets - RP) is one of the major problems in their genetic improvement. The effect of selection is directly proportional to trait heritability and inversely proportional to the duration of generation interval. Objective of this study was to establish presence of difference in regard to heritability coefficient values of observed traits, as well as their accuracy depending on the size of data used in the analysis. Heritability coefficients in this study were calculated based on fertility results obtained for Swedish Landrace sows on three pig farms (farms 1, 2 and 3) in the Republic of Serbia. Observed traits - LBP, TBP and RP on farms 1, 2 and 3 were analyzed in the first (2422, 1677 and 2015 litters), in the first two (4190, 2897 and 3377 litters), in the first three (5576, 3809 and 4425 litters) and all available parities (9538, 6340 and 7750 litters) by applying the adequate mixed model of the Least square method. Heritability of LBP calculated based on fertility realized in the first partus ranged from 5.6 to 16.4 %, TBP ranged from 7.0 to 16.8 % and RP ranged from 3.4 to 7.7 %. Introduction into the analysis of the results pertaining to the second, third and subsequent parities lead mainly to detection of lower values of heritability coefficients for observed traits.U ovom radu rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da su koeficijenti heritabiliteta BŽP izraÄunati na osnovu plodnosti ostvarene u prvom praÅ”enju bili u intervalu od 5,6 do 16,4 %, BUP u intervalu od 7,0 do 16,8 % i BOP u intervalu od 3,4 do 7,7 %. UvoÄenje u analizu rezultata plodnosti drugog, treÄeg i svih ostalih praÅ”enja dovelo je uglavnom do utvrÄivanja nižih vrednosti koeficijenata heritabiliteta posmatranih osobina
GenetiÄki resursi u svinjarstvu - osobine kvaliteta polutki rase moravka i mangulica
Objective of this paper was to evaluate phenotypic variability of carcass quality traits of pigs of Moravka and Mangalitsa breeds. Quantity and content of meat was determined based on Regulation (1985) and dissection of right carcass sides. Obtained data was processed using Least Squares Method (Harvey, 1990). Results of the investigation show that Moravka had in average higher quantity and content of meat in carcass sides than Mangalitsa. Shares of muscle, fat tissue, skin and bone tissue in pig carcass sides of Moravka breed, determined by dissection were: 32.91; 34.94 and 7.70%.Rezultati ispitivanja osobina kvaliteta polutki svinja pokazuju da su grla rase moravka imala za 11.76 odnosno 6.02 cm duže polutke od belog soja mangulica. LeÄna slanina u mangulice bila je deblja (za 13.6 do 23.6 mm) nego kod moravke. Na osnovu Pravilnika (1985) je ustanovljeno da je moravka imala proseÄno veÄu koliÄinu (+3.22 kg) i sadržaj mesa (+ 5.15%) u polutkama od mangulice (P lt 0.01). ProseÄne vrednosti povrÅ”ine m.l.d.P nisu bile statistiÄki znaÄajno razliÄite izmeÄu moravke i mangulice. PovrÅ”ina slanine koja pripada miÅ”iÄu (PSm.l.d.) utvrÄena u mangulice, bila je za 35.14cm2 (P lt 0.001) veÄa nego kod moravke. Tako da je odnos meso:mast kod moravke 1:1.865 a mangulice 1:3.330. Udeo miÅ”iÄnog, masnog tkiva i kože i koÅ”tanog tkiva u polutkama svinja rase moravka, utvrÄen na osnovu disekcije, je bio: 32.91; 34.94 i 7.70%
Structural integrity analysis of a cracked pressure vessel
Stress distribution, as obtained by finite element method (FEM), and corresponding fracture mechanics parameters, have been used for the integrity assessment of a pressure vessel. Once the stress distribution is known, the most critical area can be analysed with assumed crack to estimate its critical length according to fracture mechanics parameters and basic laws. Toward this end, the Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD) is used to calculate the crack length corresponding to the limit curve. As one can see, coordinates in FAD are the ratio of net- and critical stress (x axis, S-r = S-n/S-c), and ratio of stress intensity factor and its critical value (y axis, K-r = K-i/K-Ic). Once net stress and the stress intensity factor are known and their critical values, coordinates of a point corresponding to any crack length can be calculated and positioned in the FAD
Uticaj proizvodnih osobina u direktnom testu nazimica na varijabilnost njihovih reproduktivnih osobina kao prvopraskinja
Objective of this paper was to establish genetic and environmental factors which influence the variation of reproductive parameters in primiparous sows with special focus on how selection on growth traits and lean meat content can influence the fertility in gilts as primiparous sows. Investigation included 1092 primiparous sows of Swedish Landrace breed. Production traits of gilts in direct test were previously adjusted to body weight of 100 kg, and subsequently they were grouped in 4 classes based on standard deviations for each of adjusted production trait. For analysis of data several models of the Least Squares Method were used (Harvey, 1990). Sires influenced the variation of age at first conception, litter size at birth and weaning and period weaning-conception of their daughters (P (lt) 0.001 to P (lt) 0.05). Age at first conception, number of live born piglets and total born piglets varied statistically significantly (P (lt) 0.001 to P (lt) 0.05) by the influence of adjusted lifetime average daily gain, but not under the influence of adjusted back fat thickness and lean meat content.OÄevi su uticali na variranje uzrasta pri prvoj oplodnji, veliÄinu legla pri roÄenju i zaluÄenju i perioda zaluÄenje-oplodnja svojih kÄeri (P (lt) 0.001 do P (lt) 0.05). Uzrast pri prvoj oplodnji, broj živoroÄene i ukupno roÄene prasadi su statistiÄki znaÄajno varirali (P (lt) 0.001 do P (lt) 0.05) pod uticajem korigovanog proseÄnog životnog dnevnog prirasta ali ne i korigovane debljine leÄne slanine i mesnatosti
Structural integrity analysis of a cracked pressure vessel
Stress distribution, as obtained by finite element method (FEM), and corresponding fracture mechanics parameters, have been used for the integrity assessment of a pressure vessel. Once the stress distribution is known, the most critical area can be analysed with assumed crack to estimate its critical length according to fracture mechanics parameters and basic laws. Toward this end, the Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD) is used to calculate the crack length corresponding to the limit curve. As one can see, coordinates in FAD are the ratio of net- and critical stress (x axis, S-r = S-n/S-c), and ratio of stress intensity factor and its critical value (y axis, K-r = K-i/K-Ic). Once net stress and the stress intensity factor are known and their critical values, coordinates of a point corresponding to any crack length can be calculated and positioned in the FAD
Udeo tkiva u polutkama svinja autohtonih rasa u zavisnosti od telesne mase i pola
Objective of this paper was to determine the distribution of tissues in four major carcass side parts from fatteners of Swallow-Belly Mangalitsa and Moravka breeds. The study included 42 animals (male castrated and female pigs) of Swallow-Belly Mangalitsa strain (LM, n=19) and Moravka (M, n=23). Animals were kept and reared in the same farm conditions with free ranges. During fattening, animals were fed two complete mixtures containing 15 and 13% crude proteins. Dissection of left carcass sides and calculation of the meat percentage were carried out according to EU reference method (EC, No.3127/94). Obtained data was processed using GLM procedure of the software package SAS 9.1.3 (SAS Inst.Inc., 2002-2003). Pre-slaughter body mass influenced variation of the mass of warm and cooled carcass sides (P lt .0001). Pre-slaughter body mass of SBM and M had impact on variation of the subcutaneous fat tissue and skin in the thigh and shoulder, and on bone tissue in the shoulder. Fatteners of Moravka breed had higher average mass of back-loin part of the carcass sides (P lt 0.01) and mass of subcutaneous fat tissue including the skin (P lt 0.05) compared to Swallow-Belly Mangalitsa. Share of muscle tissue of this carcass part in total mass of muscle tissue in all four carcass side parts was higher in Moravka breed pigs (+2.18%, P lt 0.01). Male castrated pigs had lower values of average mass of the thigh/leg (P lt 0.05), lower values of muscle tissue mass in the thigh/leg (P lt 0.01) and higher share of bone tissue (P lt 0.05) compared to female pigs. In the belly-rib part, castrates had less intermuscular fat tissue (P lt 0.05) and bone tissue (P lt 0.05) than female pigs.Cilj ovog rada je bio da se utvrdi udeo tkiva u Äetiri glavna dela polutki tovljenika lasaste mangulice i moravke u zavisnosti od telesne mase pri klanju i pola grla. Na variranje mase toplih i hladnih polutki uticala je telesna masa pri klanju (P lt .0001). U Äetiri glavna dela polutki bilo je od 36,02 do 38,59% miÅ”iÄnog tkiva. Potkožno masno tkivo, koža i intermuskularno masno tkivo Äinili su od 52,64 do 56,24% mase buta, pleÄke, leÄno-slabinskog i trbuÅ”no-rebarnog dela polutke. Telesna masa pri klanju grla rase LM i M je uticala na variranje potkožnog masnog tkiva i kože u butu i pleÄki i na koÅ”tano tkivo u pleÄki. Tovljenici rase moravka imali su veÄu proseÄnu masu ledjno-slabinskog dela polutki (P lt 0,01) i masu potkožnog masnog tkiva sa kožom (P lt 0,05) od lasaste mangulice. Udeo miÅ”iÄnog tkiva ovog dela u ukupnoj masi miÅ”iÄnog tkiva u Äetiri dela polutki, bio je veÄi kod grla rase moravka (+2,18%, P lt 0,01). MuÅ”ka kastrirana grla su imala manju proseÄnu masu buta (P lt 0,05), manju masu miÅ”iÄnog tkiva u butu (P lt 0,01) i veÄi udeo koÅ”tanog tkiva (P lt 0,05) od ženskih grla. U trbuÅ”no-rebarnom delu, kastrati su imali manje intermuskularnog masnog tkiva (P lt 0,05) i koÅ”tanog (P lt 0,05) od ženskih grla
Uticaj razliÄitih fiksnih faktora na osobine kvaliteta trupa i mesa svinja
Objective of the paper was to investigate the effect of the sire breed (Swedish landrace and Large Yorkshire) and sex (female animals and male castrates) on quality of carcass and pig meat. Established fat thickenss was the highest at withers (33,21 mm) and the thinnest at rump in the center of m. gluteusa medius (18,48 mm). Sire breed had influence (p (lt) 0,01) on back fat thickness in the central part, whereas sex influenced (p (lt) 0,05) backfat thickenss at withers. Lean meat of Swedish Landrace progeny established by partial dissection EU was 52,91 % and according to current Regulation 42,89 % and it was higher compared to progeny (SLxLY) whose sires were Large Yorkshire breed. Established difference in share of meat between sire breeds by application of these two methods was 10,02 and 8,83 %. Higher share of meat (EU 53,20 %) was established in female progeny by 2,27 % in comparison to male progeny (p (lt) 0,05). Also, sire breed influenced (p (lt) 0,05 and p (lt) 0,01) pH, water binding capacity, softness and thickenss of muscle fibre, whereas the sex influenced (p (lt) 0,01) colour of musculus longissimus. Sire breed and sex had no influence on investigated chemical traits of m. longissimus (p>0,05).Cilj rada je bio da se ispita uticaj rase oca (Å”vedski landras i veliki jorkÅ”ir) i pola (ženski, muÅ”ki kastrati) na kvalitet trupa i mesa svinja. UtvÄena vrednost debljine slanine je bila najveÄa na grebenu (33,21 mm) a najtanja na krstima na sredini m. gluteusa medius (18,48 mm). Rasa oca je uticala (p (lt) 0,01) na debljinu slanine na sredini leÄa dok je pol uticao (p (lt) 0,05) na debljinu slanine na grbenu. Mesnatost potomaka Å”vedskog landrasa utvrÄena parcijalnom disekcijom EU iznosi 52,91 % a po važeÄem Pravilniku 42,89 % i veÄa je u odnosu na potomake (Å LxVJ) Äiji su oÄevi rase veliki jorkÅ”ir. UtvrÄena razlika udela mesa izmeÄu rasa oÄeva primenom ova dva metoda iznosi 10,02 i 8,83 %. VeÄi udeo mesa (EU 53,20 %) imali su ženski potomci za 2,27 % u odnosu na muÅ”ka (p (lt) 0,05). TakoÄe, rasa oca je uticala (p (lt) 0,05 i p (lt) 0,01) na pH, sposobnost vezivanja vode, mekoÄu i debljinu miÅ”iÄnog vlakna dok je pol uticao (p (lt) 0,01) na boju m. longissimus dorsi. Rasa oca i pol nisu uticali na ispitivane hemijske osobine m. longissimus dorsi (p>0,05)
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