Desempeño de la cohesión y progreso de desarrollo sostenible en los estados de la UE

The constant progress in terms of sustainable development and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) under 2030 Agenda are preoccupations of first concern for all the actors involved. Through this research, we conduct an investigation regarding the performance of the 28 EU member states in terms of achievements related to sustainable development as well as the factors supporting these efforts, starting from the data provided by the SDG Index and Dashboards and Eurostat. The results highlight the importance of R & D investments as the main driver of advancement in achieving the SDGs. At the same time, research results can provide support for policy makers and companies to contribute to more efficient allocation of available resources and maximizing the impact of relevant factors to ensure prosperity and security for people and societyEl progreso constante en términos de desarrollo sostenible y el logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) bajo la Agenda 2030 son preocupaciones de primera magnitud para todos los actores involucrados. A través de esta investigación, llevamos a cabo una investigación sobre el desempeño de los 28 estados miembros de la UE en términos de logros relacionados con el desarrollo sostenible, así como los factores que respaldan estos esfuerzos, a partir de los datos proporcionados por el Índice SDG y Dashboards y Eurostat. Los resultados destacan la importancia de las inversiones en I + D como principal impulsor del avance en el logro de los ODS. Al mismo tiempo, los resultados de la investigación pueden brindar apoyo a los responsables políticos y a las empresas para contribuir a una asignación más eficiente de los recursos disponibles y maximizar el impacto de los factores relevantes para garantizar la prosperidad y la seguridad de las personas y la socieda

Hardening of the Grey Cast Iron through the Vibrating Electrode Method Using a WC Electrode and in Combination with TiC and Ti Electrode

There have been tested samples of grey cast iron, the hardening being made through WC coating through the vibrating electrode method with a layer, two layers and through double layers combined with Ti and TiC. Besides double layers combined there were also made triple combined layers. Afterwards there were taken photographs of macro-hardness and HV50 micro-hardness into the material in into the layer. There were also made rugosity measurements. Then in order to appreciate the internal stresses were made ring specimens type Naimov. On the exterior of these specimens were made coatings with the vibrating electrode

Cohesion Performance and Sustainable Development Progress in EU States

The constant progress in terms of sustainable development and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) under 2030 Agenda are preoccupations of first concern for all the actors involved. Through this research, we conduct an investigation regarding the performance of the 28 EU member states in terms of achievements related to sustainable development as well as the factors supporting these efforts, starting from the data provided by the SDG Index and Dashboards and Eurostat. The results highlight the importance of R & D investments as the main driver of advancement in achieving the SDGs. At the same time, research results can provide support for policy makers and companies to contribute to more efficient allocation of available resources and maximizing the impact of relevant factors to ensure prosperity and security for people and society

Deposition Technologies for Obtaining Thin Films with Special Properties

The properties of metallic materials can be improved by deposition of materials. The coating has a tear strength and better hydro-abrasive corrosion. The thin layer deposition has a thickness of less than 10 micrometers. When speaking about deposition technologies, it is not just about deposited thin layers, but the whole assembly (layer / substrate), therefore the degree of adherence and the costs of making such a substrate have to be taken into account and the whole must be much more powerful than anything taken separately. In this paper we presented several methods of thin film deposition. We also highlighted some of the advantages and disadvantages of several deposition methods

Analysis of Physicochemical Properties of W1.8507 Steel Parts with Sharp Edges, Thermochemically Treated by Plasma Nitriding with and without Polarized Screens

The plasma nitriding edge effect phenomenon is characteristic of parts with sharp edges. The intersection for the discharge of negative light of the two adjacent faces causes the apparition of this effect. In some cases, this effect causes disturbance to the general process. In this work, a sample with different angles of 30°, 60°, and 90° was analyzed. The sample was subjected to ion nitriding with and without the cathode grid to highlight the reduction of the edge effect on the non-uniformity appearing on the edges and corners of the parts. The effect of the active screen was also analyzed by hardness measurements in the area of the nitride edges and by SEM and EDX analyses in the mentioned areas. Additionally, the influence of active screens was studied by nanoindentation and scratch tests and by measuring the contact angle of coolants and liquid lubricants on the nitride surfaces with both methods

Researches Regarding Temperature Influence on Classic and Synthetic Quenching Environments

In this paper were analyzed experimental graphics for quenching cooling curves of oil at 20 °C, 40 °C, 60 °C, 80 °C and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 1,5% solution in water at the same temperatures. Velocity cooling was studied on intervals, all studied within the first 10 cooling seconds

Corrosion Behaviour of Nodular Cast Iron Used for Rotor Manufacturing in Different Wastewaters

Submersible drainage sump pumps work in a highly corrosive environment, forming films with corrosive reaction products on the surface. Pump rotors are high-demand parts, so they are made of quality materials with good wear and corrosion resistance properties such as nodular graphite cast iron. This paper analyses the corrosion behaviour of cast iron used in the manufacture of rotors in three types of wastewaters, with variable pH. Nodular graphite cast iron samples were immersed in wastewater for 30, 60, and 90 days and tested by linear polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Also, the layers of reaction products formed on the surface of the material were analysed by SEM and EDS. The results showed that nodular cast-iron immersed in wastewater with acidic pH showed intense corrosion, the oxide layer formed on its surface is unstable. Also, the final structure of the product layer is that of a tri-layer with cations and anions absorbed from the corrosion media: the double-electric layer directly connected to the metal surface, an internal layer consisting of ferrous compounds and ferric compounds that control the diffusion of oxygen, an outer layer, and a compact crust of ferric compounds. The change in the pH of the wastewater has a major influence on the corrosion rate of the cast iron, which increases from 356.4 µm/year in DWW-1 (6.5 pH) to 1440 µm/year in DWW-2 (3 pH) and 1743 µm/year DWWW-3 (11 pH) respectively. As can be seen, the experimental study covers the problem of the corrosion behaviour of the pump rotor in various types of wastewaters this aspect is particularly important for the good use of wastewater pumps and to predict possible deviations for the operation of the equipment within the treatment plants

Analysis of Physicochemical Properties of W1.8507 Steel Parts with Sharp Edges, Thermochemically Treated by Plasma Nitriding with and without Polarized Screens

The plasma nitriding edge effect phenomenon is characteristic of parts with sharp edges. The intersection for the discharge of negative light of the two adjacent faces causes the apparition of this effect. In some cases, this effect causes disturbance to the general process. In this work, a sample with different angles of 30°, 60°, and 90° was analyzed. The sample was subjected to ion nitriding with and without the cathode grid to highlight the reduction of the edge effect on the non-uniformity appearing on the edges and corners of the parts. The effect of the active screen was also analyzed by hardness measurements in the area of the nitride edges and by SEM and EDX analyses in the mentioned areas. Additionally, the influence of active screens was studied by nanoindentation and scratch tests and by measuring the contact angle of coolants and liquid lubricants on the nitride surfaces with both methods

Microstructural, Corrosion Resistance, and Tribological Properties of Al2O3 Coatings Prepared by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying

An usual material, EN-GJL-250 cast iron, used for automotive braking systems, was covered with a ceramic material (105NS-1 aluminium oxide) using an industrial deposition system (Sulzer Metco). The main reason was to improve the corrosion and wear (friction) resistance properties of the cast-iron. Samples were prepared by mechanical grinding and sandblasting before the deposition. We applied two and four passes (around 12–15 µm by layer) each at 90° obtaining ceramic coatings of 30 respectively 60 µm. The surface of the samples (with ceramic coatings) was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scratch and micro-hardness tests were performed using CETR-UMT-2 micro-tribometer equipment. The better corrosion resistance of the base material was obtained by applying the ceramic coating. The results present a better corrosion resistance and a higher coefficient of friction of the coated samples

Microstructural, Corrosion Resistance, and Tribological Properties of Al₂O₃ Coatings Prepared by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying

An usual material, EN-GJL-250 cast iron, used for automotive braking systems, was covered with a ceramic material (105NS-1 aluminium oxide) using an industrial deposition system (Sulzer Metco). The main reason was to improve the corrosion and wear (friction) resistance properties of the cast-iron. Samples were prepared by mechanical grinding and sandblasting before the deposition. We applied two and four passes (around 12–15 µm by layer) each at 90° obtaining ceramic coatings of 30 respectively 60 µm. The surface of the samples (with ceramic coatings) was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scratch and micro-hardness tests were performed using CETR-UMT-2 micro-tribometer equipment. The better corrosion resistance of the base material was obtained by applying the ceramic coating. The results present a better corrosion resistance and a higher coefficient of friction of the coated samples