Abdominal-pelvic pain in female patients with endometriosis - a review of the literature

Abdominal-pelvic pain is the dominant symptom in endometriosis, one of the most common pathologies that affect women, being also a multifactorial disorder. Exploratory laparoscopy allows the correct assessment of the location as well as severity and extent of the lesions, thus representing the current gold standard in diagnosis. The correlation of pain intensity with the evolutionary stage of endometriosis is inconstant. Surgical treatment, preferably performed laparoscopically, includes the excision of the ectopic endometrium, having as a primary objective the control of persistent pain and the removal of all endometriotic foci. This procedure helps to improve the life quality of the patient, to reduce relapses, to control postoperative pain, and to eliminate the disease. Pre- and post-operative adjuvant medical treatment is used due to its effects on the symptomatology, prolonging the asymptomatic period of the disease. Despite the use of the above procedures, there are cases in which the abdominal-pelvic pain persists even after surgery, which makes endometriosis a significant challenge for both the specialist and the patient, as well as for the medical system itself, as the study of the pathogenic mechanisms is yet the subject of numerous studies. Nutritional education in these patients is essential, given the recommendation to restrict the range of foods and to increase other foods that have an important role in reducing the risk or even leading to regression of the endometrial pathology

Can non-small cell lung cancer histologic subtypes predict survival? A single institution experience

Introduction. The latest histological classification of lung adenocarcinoma includes lepidic, acinar, papillary, micropapillary, and solid as subtypes. Testing these subtypes for their prognostic and predictive value is an ongoing scientific challenge. The present research article aims to describe the influence this classification has on patient survival. Materials and Methods. Thirty-three patients were included in the trial. The most important enrollment criterion was the clear specification of the adenocarcinoma subtype in the pathology report. Patients were stratified into three groups which included the adenocarcinoma pathological subtypes as follows: lepidic (LEP), acinar and papillary (ACN/PAP), and micropapillary/solid (MIP/SOL). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival. Other endpoints included overall survival. Results. The lepidic subtype of ADC had superior PFS and OS, regardless of stage. Papillary and acinar subtype showed an intermediate prognosis, whereas micropapillary and solid subtypes were the most aggressive. Conclusions. The experience of this single center confirmed data in the literature. Further studies are needed to demonstrate all the possible implications of this pathology classification

Prevalence of comorbidities and survival analysis of COVID-19 patients – an observational study from a tertiary healthcare center in North West Romania

Objectives. The experience accumulated in the last two years shows that the prevention of COVID-19 in people with comorbidities (protective measures, vaccination, etc.) still remains a public health priority. In this context, the aim of our study was to perform a retrospective, observational study in order to assess the time-to-death and risk factors of mortality among COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on 177 patients admitted to Oradea Emergency County Hospital, Bihor, Romania, between October and December 2021. Inclusion criteria were patients over 18 years positive for COVID-19 in upper respiratory tract samples using real-time PCR test. Exclusion criteria were pregnant women, ageyears, and patients with incomplete records at admission. Results. The mortality rate was assessed in correlation with the most prevalent comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and chronic pulmonary diseases, either alone or associated. During hospitalization, an aggravated health condition was noticed for 71 patients (40.11%). Among them, 47 patients were transferred to the intensive care unit (66.20%) due to severe respiratory failure, aggravation of associated diabetes and/or other associated comorbidities. Ventilation support was necessary in 122 cases (68.63%). The average survival time was 8.66 days. In conclusion, we found that the most prevalent comorbidities were cardiovascular diseases, being the major risk factor for mortality or aggravation after hospitalization. Its association with diabetes caused a risk of death 2.1 times higher than in patients without comorbidities. Based on Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, we found that the in-hospital survival rate was significantly higher in females compared to males (50.52% vs 33.75%)

The importance of early arthritis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disorder that manifests predominantly in the synovial joint, where it causes a chronic inflammatory process, leading to early osteoarticular destructions. These destructions are progressive and irreversible, generating a significant functional deficiency. During the last years, the diagnostic approach of RA has focused on early arthritis. Early arthritis can develop into established RA or another established arthropathy, like systemic lupus erythematosus or psoriatic arthritis. It can have a spontaneous resolution or may remain undifferentiated for indefinite periods of time. The management of early arthritis has changed considerably in the past few years, under the influence of new concepts of diagnosis and new effective therapies. The treatment goal of early arthritis should now be the clinical remission and prevention of joint destruction. Methotrexate is the first line of therapy, used to treat early arthralgia and to reverse or limit impending exacerbation to RA. Biological treatment is used as a second line therapy in patients with severe disease who do not respond or have a contraindication to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Patients with early arthritis should usually be identified and directed to rheumatologists to confirm the presence of arthritis, and to establish the correct diagnosis plus to initiate the proper treatment strategies

The relationship between gut microbiota and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with liver cirrhosis - a literature review

Gut microbiota is an essential component in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis and its complications. There is a direct relationship between the gut and the liver called the gutliver axis through which bacteria can reach the liver through the portal venous blood. However, it remains unclear how bacteria leave the intestine and reach the fluid collection in the abdomen. A series of mechanisms have been postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and other complications of liver cirrhosis, including bacterial translocation, bacterial overgrowth, altered intestinal permeability and dysfunctional immunity. The hepatic function may also be affected by the alteration of intestinal microbiota composition. Current treatment in SBP is antibiotic therapy, but lately, probiotics have been the useful treatment suggested to improve the intestinal barrier and prevent bacterial translocation. However, studies are contradictory regarding their usefulness. In this review, we will summarize the literature data on the pathogenesis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis concerning the existence of a relationship with the microbiota and the useful use of probiotics

Dietary habits and lifestyle in school-aged children from Bucharest, Romania

Background. This study evaluated the difference between boys and girls in terms of nutritional status, lifestyle, and dietary habits during school life. Materials and Methods. A descriptive and observational study was conducted in 2016, in which 251 children, aged 7-17, from 3 elementary schools and a high school inBucharest,Romania, were evaluated. A questionnaire was used to assess food behavior, eating, and lifestyle habits. Results. Boys had a significantly higher waist circumference (71.18±9) than girls (67.46±9.91) (p=0.004). Thus 27% of boys were overweight or obese compared with only 22% of the girls. Differences were also seen between the two groups in terms of main meals and snacks and following a rhythm of meals: a statistically significant percentage of girls (36.3%) skip breakfast, while most boys (63.8%) take a food package to school. A total of 23.8% of the boys and 24% of the girls state that they eat while sitting in front of the computer or TV. Conclusions. We found that boys are more overweight or obese than girls. Obesity in the pediatric population of Romania could be explained by the country’s emergence from communism 25 years ago, pattern typical of all Eastern European countries and which currently involve an overexposure of people to fast food, fizzy drinks and sweets, as well as to a high consumption of salt and food additives. Unbalanced and highly caloric food had been preferable to healthy food in the last period. Leisure time is rather spent in front of the TV, tablet, detrimental to rational physical exercise, recreational sports or hiking. The family environment is very important and all our actions should be focused on continuous education about the risks of unhealthy food and a sedentary lifestyle

Pancreatogenic type 3C diabetes

Background. The relationship between chronic pancreatitis and diabetes is well established. This form of diabetes is secondary to exocrine pancreatic disorder and is known as diabetes mellitus type 3c (T3cDM). Materials and Methods. In this retrospective study we included 261 patients, 59 patients being diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis and secondary diabetes mellitus, and admitted in the Fundeni Clinical Institute, 2nd Department of Gastroenterology or N.C. Paulescu Institute/ Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Results and Discussions. Patients were 22.2% women and 77.8% men, with an average age of 56.8 years and 53.4 years respectively. 63% came from urban areas. The mean duration of chronic pancreatitis was six years. Non-diabetic patients were compared with patients who were previously diagnosed with T3cDM and who had been analyzed for body mass index (BMI). Imaging investigations were also performed to confirm pseudotumors or pancreatic tumours. Patients already considered non-diabetic had basal blood glucose values and were mostly overweight and obese. In this context, insulin resistance cannot be excluded for this group of patients. Conclusions. T3cDM is a new pathological entity that needs to be explored more deeply, and that should benefit from both a diagnostic stratification and treatment

Abdominal-pelvic pain in female patients with endometriosis - a review of the literature

Abdominal-pelvic pain is the dominant symptom in endometriosis, one of the most common pathologies that affect women, being also a multifactorial disorder. Exploratory laparoscopy allows the correct assessment of the location as well as severity and extent of the lesions, thus representing the current gold standard in diagnosis. The correlation of pain intensity with the evolutionary stage of endometriosis is inconstant. Surgical treatment, preferably performed laparoscopically, includes the excision of the ectopic endometrium, having as a primary objective the control of persistent pain and the removal of all endometriotic foci. This procedure helps to improve the life quality of the patient, to reduce relapses, to control postoperative pain, and to eliminate the disease. Pre- and post-operative adjuvant medical treatment is used due to its effects on the symptomatology, prolonging the asymptomatic period of the disease. Despite the use of the above procedures, there are cases in which the abdominal-pelvic pain persists even after surgery, which makes endometriosis a significant challenge for both the specialist and the patient, as well as for the medical system itself, as the study of the pathogenic mechanisms is yet the subject of numerous studies. Nutritional education in these patients is essential, given the recommendation to restrict the range of foods and to increase other foods that have an important role in reducing the risk or even leading to regression of the endometrial pathology

Elements of Diagnosis and Non-surgical Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults from the Dental Medicine Perspective

Dentists hold a key role in the context of ever-growing concerns regarding the management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in adults. Dentists’ contribution in this domain starts with the screening of patients with possible OSA. An earlier intervention for correcting a dento-maxillary anomaly or a parafunction will often serve as a preventive treatment with regard to possible OSA. Furthermore, dental medicine offers nowadays, apart from orthodontic and surgical treatment, a set of therapeutical methods, the most commonly used being the oral appliance and myofunctional therapies. Another important sphere of professional responsibility of the dentist involved in the treatment of OSA consists of periodical examinations focused on assessing clinical evolution, corrective interventions on oral appliances and interventions for preventing local complications. On the other hand, recent studies indicate the potential of different pharmacotherapy agents on OSA pathophysiology, severity and treatment. These agents have shown promising results in improving the efficacy of other therapies dedicated to OSA, therefore, current topics in modern scientific research include the evaluation of standard, even higher doses of single agents or the combination of different agents on the evolution of OSA, as well as the assessment of the association of diverse pharmacotherapy agents with other OSA therapies

False positive results of real-time elastography in the diagnosis of thyroid nodal lesions

Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, The IVth Congress of Radiology and Medical Imaging of the Republic of Moldova with international participation, Chisinau, May 31 – June 2, 2018Introduction: L’élastographie en temps réel est une méthode de diagnostic qui ajoute de la qualité dans le diagnostic des lésions nodulaires thyroïdiennes. La méta-analyse actuelle suggère une bonne performance diagnostique avec une spécificité générale de 80% et une sensibilité générale de 85%. La présente étude est une analyse rétrospective des causes les plus fréquentes de faux negatifs et faux positifs résultats rencontrés dans l’échographie thyroïdienne. Matériel et méthodes: Nous avons analysé 433 des lésions nodulaires, opérés et évaluées par l’échographie de la thyroïde classique et l’élastographie, avec la même sonde linéaire, multifréquence, Hitachi Preirus machine, Hitachi Inc., Japon. Les résultats de l’échographie n’ont pas été communiqués au pathologiste. Une analyse rétrospective des résultats a été réalisée. Résultats: Nous avons évalué 433 cas avec des nodules avec un volume moyen de 2,14 ml (allant de 0,78 ml à 10,45 ml). 134/433 cas ont été identifiés avec un cancer de la thyroïde, 251/434 étant bénignes. La sensibilité de l’élastographie était de 82,02%, la spécificité de 83,94%, la précision de 83,37%. Nous avons observé 48 cas de lésions bénignes, identifiées par l’élastographie comme des lésions suspectes – 23/48 lésions avec de cellules Hürthle, sans maladies vasculaires, 8/48 lésions prolifératives potentiellement incertaines, 5/48 prolifération folliculaire, 8/48 thyroïdite myxomateuse / granulomateuse et 12/48 cas de maladie thyroïdienne auto-immune. Nous avons également noté 24 résultats faussement négatifs: 19/24T microcarcinomes papillaires, 5/25 carcinomes folliculaires. Être mentionné que les microcarcinomes qui ont été observés dans les nodules, ont de diamètres supérieurs à 3,5 cm. Conclusions: Les proliférations de cellules Hürthle et les microcarcinomes papillaires sont les conditions pour faux diagnostic le plus fréquent chez l’élastographie de la thyroïde.Introduction: Real-time elastography is an imaging method that adds quality to the diagnosis of nodular thyroid lesions. Meta-analysis data suggest a good diagnostic performance with an overall specificity of 80% and sensitivity of 85%. The present study is a retrospective analysis of the most common causes of false negative and false positive results encountered in thyroid ultrasound. Material and methods: We analyzed 433 nodular lesions, operated and evaluated by classical thyroid ultrasound and elastography, using a linear probe on a Hitachi Preirus machine, Hitachi Inc., Japan: The results of the ultrasound were not communicated to the pathologist. A retrospective analysis of the results was performed. Results: We evaluated 433 thyroid nodules with an average volume of 2.14 ml (ranging from 0.78 ml to 10.45 ml). 134/433 cases were identified with thyroid cancer and 251/434 were identified as benign lesions. The sensitivity of the elastography was 82.02%, the specificity – 83.94%, the accuracy being 83.37%. We observed 48 cases of benign lesions, identified by elastography as suspicious lesions : 23/48 – lesions with Hürthle cells, without vascular diseases, 8/48 – proliferative lesions potentially uncertain, 5/48 – follicular proliferation, 8/48 – myxomatous / granulomatous thyroiditis and 12/48 cases of autoimmune thyroid disease. We also noted 24 false negative results: 19 / 24 – papillary microcarcinomas, 5/25 – follicular carcinomas. Of note is that microcarcinomas that have been observed in nodules, had > 3.5 cm in diameter. Conclusions: Hurtle cell proliferations and papillary microcarcinomas are the most common misdiagnosed conditions in thyroid elastography