Geometric standard deviation (GSD) for different compounds and driving pressures.

<p>H₂Od: distilled water. PFD: Perfluorodecalin. GSD: geometric standard deviation. P_driv: driving pressure. Values are given as mean ± SD.</p><p>Geometric standard deviation (GSD) for different compounds and driving pressures.</p

Variation of the main parameters in order to predict the impact between the particles and the physical model of the trachea, as a function of the aerosolized compound and the driving pressure.

<p>A, Collision length, L_col. B, Aerosol cone angle, α. H₂Od: distilled water. PFD: perfluorodecalin. P_driv: driving pressure.</p

Experimental set-ups for the deposition study and particle size characterization.

<p>A, Equipment for aerosol production rate (AR) and <i>in vitro</i> deposition measurements (E_PM, E₊₃, E_FP). B, Aerodynamic Particle Sizer for particle size characterization.</p

Deposition results as function of the compound and the driving pressure.

<p>A, Deposition results for H₂Od; B, Surfactant; C, Perfluorodecalin, PFD; D, FC-75. Right vertical axis values on B are the phospholipid quantity (mg) corresponding to each rate on the left axis. E_FP: mass flow rate of fine particles. E₊₃: mass flow rate that exits from the model. E_PM: mass flow rate for the compound deposited within the model. AR: aerosolization rate. Σ: total height of each column. P_driv: driving pressure. Values are given as mean ± SD. * is for AR vs. previous pressure; # is for E_FP vs. previous pressure; $ is for E₊₃ vs. previous pressure; and † is for E_PM vs. previous pressure. <i>p<0.05</i>, One-factor ANOVA.</p

Experimental set-ups.

<p>A, Pneumotachograph equipment for air flow rate measurements. B, Measurement set-up for distal pressure. C, High speed camera equipment for studying the aerosol formation.</p

Image resulting from the superposition of 10,000 frames.

<p>α: aerosol angle. L_jet: distance at which the aerosol cone is formed. IC: inhalation catheter.</p