Aprendizaje en las escuelas del siglo XXI: Hacia la construcción de escuelas que promueven el aprendizaje, ofrecen seguridad y protegen el medio ambiente

En 2010, la Red de Educación organizó un seminario que examinó el estado de la infraestructura escolar en América Latina y el Caribe y el papel financiero del sector privado. El seminario de Infraestructura y Aprendizaje en el Siglo XXI se realizó en Santiago, Chile entre el 26 y 27 de octubre de 2010. Este libro recopila las presentaciones realizadas durante la conferencia, editados y, en algunos casos, revisados parea su publicación. Los capítulos de este libro siguen el orden de la agenda de la conferencia, enfocándose en el diseño, financiamiento, construcción y mantenimiento de edificios escolares.

Characterization and risk estimate of cancer in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome

Abstract Background The purpose of this study is to characterize the risk of cancer in a large cohort of patients with primary Sjögren syndrome (SjS). Methods We had analyzed the development of cancer in 1300 consecutive patients fulfilling the 2002 SjS classification criteria. The baseline clinical and immunological characteristics and systemic activity (ESSDAI scores) were assessed at diagnosis as predictors of cancer using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusted for age at diagnosis and gender. The sex-and age-specific standardized incidence ratios (SIR) of cancer were estimated from 2012 Spanish mortality data. Results After a mean follow-up of 91 months, 127 (9.8%) patients developed 133 cancers. The most frequent type of cancer was B-cell lymphoma (including 27 MALT and 19 non-MALT B-cell lymphomas). Systemic activity at diagnosis of primary SjS correlated with the risk of hematological neoplasia and cryoglobulins with a high risk of either B-cell or non-B-cell lymphoma subtypes. Patients with cytopenias had a high risk of non-MALT B-cell and non-B-cell cancer, while those with low C3 levels had a high risk of MALT lymphomas and those with monoclonal gammopathy and low C4 levels had a high risk of non-MALT lymphomas. The estimated SIR for solid cancer was 1.13 and 11.02 for hematological cancer. SIRs for specific cancers were 36.17 for multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative diseases, 19.41 for Hodgkin lymphoma, 6.04 for other non-Hodgkin lymphomas, 5.17 for thyroid cancer, 4.81 for cancers of the lip and oral cavity, and 2.53 for stomach cancer. Conclusions One third of cancers developed by patients with primary SjS are B-cell lymphomas. The prognostic factors identified at SjS diagnosis differed according to the subtype of B-cell lymphoma developed. Primary SjS is also associated with the development of some non-hematological cancers (thyroid, oral cavity, and stomach)

Additional file 2: Figure S1. of Characterization and risk estimate of cancer in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome

Frequency of the main WHO subtypes of hematological cancer and the corresponding predictive factors identified at SjS diagnosis. (TIF 182 kb