Composição de ácidos graxos dos cortes comerciais de capivara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris L. 1766) Fat acids composition of the capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris L. 1766) commercial cuts

Com o presente trabalho teve-se como objetivo determinar o perfil de ácidos graxos (AG) em diferentes cortes comerciais da carne de capivaras. Cinco capivaras adultas foram abatidas por tiro na região temporo-occiptal, sangradas, depeladas, evisceradas, divididas em 2 meias carcaças e resfriadas a 5ºC por 24horas. A desossa e os cortes comerciais foram realizados às 24 horas post mortem. O percentual da gordura foi determinado segundo a AOAC (1990), e para a determinação dos AG, a gordura foi extraída segundo Folch et al. (1957) e submetida à cromatografia gasosa. Os diferentes cortes mostraram variações significativas (PThe present work had as objective to determine the fat acids (FA) profile in different commercial cuts of capybara meat. A total of five adults were slaughtered by shot in the temporo-occiptal region, bled, taken the skin out, eviscerated, divided in two half carcass and cooled at 5ºC for 24h. The taking out of the bone and the preparation of the commercial cuts were carried out at 24 h post mortem. The fat percentage was determined as AOAC (1990) and for the determination of FA, extraction was performed as Folch et al. (1957), followed by gas chromatography analysis. The different cuts showed significant variations (P<0,05) for the C16:0, C16:1&#969;7, C18:1&#969;9, C20:4&#969;6 and C22:4&#969;6 fat acids. The others fat acids did not differ among them. The ration &#969;3/&#969;6 was of 1:23.2, 1:10.9, 1:14.5, 1:18.7 and 1:17.3 for the hind leg, chest - plati, loin, palette and carré cuts, respectively

Efeitos dos métodos de abate e sexo na composição centesimal, perfil de ácidos graxos e colesterol da carne de capivaras Effect of two slaughter methods and sex on proximate composition, cholesterol content and fatty acids profile of capybara meat (Hydrochaeris Hydrochaeris L. 1766)

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de métodos de abate (MA) (humanitário (MH) e por tiro (MT)) e sexo na composição centesimal, perfil de ácidos graxos (AG) e colesterol da carne de capivara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris L. 1766). Foram abatidos 20 animais (13 machos (M) e 7 fêmeas (F)) com peso médio de 45,71kg. No músculo longissimus dorsi (LD) foram determinados: umidade, lipídios totais (LT), proteína e cinzas e no semimembranosus (SM), o colesterol por colorimetria e o perfil de AG por cromatografia gasosa. O LD apresentou: 75,87% de umidade, 1,37% de LT, 22,11% de proteínas e 1,09% de cinzas. Houve diferença (p<0,01) nos teores de LT de M (1,75%) e F (0,98%). Os fatores sexo e MA não influenciaram: umidade, proteína e cinzas. Os AG encontrados em maior proporção (%) foram: C16:0 (29,57); C18:1w9 (27,87); C18:2w6 (19,19); C18:0 (6,57); C18:3w3 (4,97); C14:0 (3,64); C20:4w6 (3,45); C18:1w7 (3,31) e C16:1w7 (1,90). A relação AG poliinsaturados/saturados foi 0,82. As médias de AG w6 e w3 foram 23,41 e 5,63%. Os fatores sexo e MA não influenciaram os poliinsaturados e colesterol (28,11mg/100g). A carne de capivara apresentou teores elevados de proteína e valores reduzidos de lipídios totais e de colesterol e relação w6/w3 nutricionalmente adequada.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of two slaughter methods: traditional (TS) and head-shot (HS) and sex on the proximate composition, fatty acids (FA) profile and cholesterol content of capybara meat. Twenty animals (13 males (M) and 7 females (F)), weighting about 45.71kg, were slaughtered. In longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were determined: moisture, crude fat, protein and ash. In semimembranosus (SM) muscle, were determined: cholesterol content for colorimetric method and fatty acids (FA) profile for gas chromatography. The LD muscle had values of: 75.87% of moisture, 1.37% of crude fat, 22.11% of crude protein, 1.09% of ash. There were significant differences (p<0.01) between lipid contents of M (1.75%) and F (0.98%). The FA in major concentration (%) were: C16:0 (29.57); C18:1w9 (27.87); C18:2w6 (19.19); C18:0 (6.57); C18:3w3 (4.97); C14:0 (3.64); C20:4w6 (3.45); C18:1w7 (3.31) and C16:1w7 (1.90). Ratio value of poliunsaturated FA to saturated FA was 0.82. The average values of w6 FA and w3 FA were 23.41 and 5.63%, respectively. The factors sex and slaughter method had no effect on poliunsaturated FA percentages and cholesterol content (28.11mg/100g). Capybara meat presented low total lipid content and high crude protein values and FA w6/w3 ratio considered nutritionally adequated

Effects of polyethylene film wrap on cooler shrink and the microbial status of beef carcasses

The present study evaluated the use of polyethylene film wrapping of beef half carcasses and its effects on cooler shrink, cooling characteristics and microbial status of the half carcasses. Film wrapping reduced cooler shrink by 55.2%, 43.1%, 36.0% and 30% after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of cooling, respectively, compared to the unwrapped half carcasses, whereas the surface water activity showed no significant differences among the time periods. The wrapped half carcasses had a lower cooling rate and higher surface and internal temperatures. The highest values of the aerobic mesophiles, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacteriaceae were found in the half carcasses wrapped in film. No significant differences were found in the values of Escherichia con. The polyethylene film was effective in reducing cooler shrink; however, it caused a delay in cooling, thereby enabling greater microbial occurrences and counts and impairing the hygienic and sanitary conditions of the carcasses, which may be an impediment to the practical application of this technology. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Immunocastration improves carcass traits and beef color attributes in Nellore and Nellore x Aberdeen Angus crossbred animals finished in feedlot

The objective was to examine the effects of immunocastration on carcass traits and meat quality of Nellore and Nellore x Aberdeen Angus male animals finished in feedlot. Surgically castrated, immunocastrated, and intact animals were finished in feedlot for 90 days. The animals were harvested, and carcass traits were evaluated. Carcasses were chilled, and one 2.5-cm steak was fabricated from Longissimus thoracis muscle. The steaks were individually vacuum packaged and frozen at -18 degrees C. Frozen steaks were thawed, and pH, instrumental color, cooking loss, and shear force were determined. Immunocastrated animals demonstrated greater (P < 0.05) hot dressing percentage and cold dressing percentage than their surgically castrated counterparts. Furthermore, steaks from immunocastrated and surgically castrated animals exhibited greater redness (P < 0.05) and lower darkness (P < 0.05) than steaks from intact animals, indicating possible advantage in retailing. The results suggested that immunocastration may be utilized to improve carcass traits and beef color in feedlot-finished Nellore and Nellore x Aberdeen Angus males. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved,Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Composição centesimal e teor de colesterol dos cortes comerciais de capivara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris L. 1766) Centesimal composition and cholesterol content in commercial cuts of capybaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris L. 1766)

Com o presente trabalho, objetivou-se determinar a composição centesimal e o teor de colesterol presente dos diferentes cortes comerciais da carne de capivara. A umidade, proteína, extrato etéreo e cinzas foram determinados segundo a AOAC (1990). O colesterol foi determinado por colorimetria. Os cortes comerciais apresentaram média de 75,80% de umidade; 21,74% de proteína; 0,74% de lipídios; 0,90% de cinzas; e 23,3 mg/100g de colesterol. Houve diferença (P<0,05) nos percentuais de umidade e colesterol entre os cortes comerciais; entretanto, não houve diferença sobre os teores de proteína, lipídios e cinzas. Pelos resultados encontrados, verifica-se um baixo teor de lipídios totais e de colesterol, quando comparados com os valores apresentados para carnes de outras espécies.<br>The aim of this work was to determine the proximate composition and cholesterol content in different commercial cuts of capybara. Moisture, crude fat, lipids and ash were determined following AOAC (1990) methods. Cholesterol content was determined by colorimetric method. Commercial cuts had values of: 75.8% of moisture; 21.74% of crude protein; 0.74% of crude fat; 0.90% of ash and 23.3mg/100g of cholesterol. There were significant (P<.05) differences on percentages of moisture and cholesterol content in the different commercial cuts. However, there was no difference on crude protein, crude fat and ash values. Results showed a lower percentage of lipids and cholesterol content in comparison with the meat of other species