TEACHING BIOSCIENCE IN PRIMARY AND MIDDLE SCHOOL AND CHILDREN'S ECOLOGICAL AWARENESS

In the article, the aims of teaching bioscience in primary and middle school have been introduced. Core curriculum has been mentioned as well, and the tools that may be used by a teacher to convey theory and practical knowledge in the most efficient way  have been discussed. Furthermore, it has been noticed that various ecological ventures have a positive impact on children's ecological awareness. In the second part of the article, results of surveys conducted among primary and middle school students have been introduced. It embraces also questions and answers, in which children describe their knowledge level about the condition of environment and talk about their attitude towards taking care of nature, and what are the stimuli of such demeanours. In addition, the task of surveys was to find out which issues teachers pay particular attention to. The last two questions were to check the knowledge

TEACHING CONTENT OF TECHNOLOGY IN POLISH PRIMARY SCHOOL

In view of the reform that is currently taking place in Poland, as well as changes in the content of the education curriculum, the authors of this study present contents of two selected curricula for primary schools technology in polish school. The study of research is content of curricula created by publishing house (WSiP) and Nowa Era. The school’s task is to prepare pupils for adult life, and therefore, bring the ability to create by themself a friendly environment. In each school there are such subjects, to which students participate more willingly than others - this situation can be used to reflect what affects their state of affairs. Comparing teachers opinions about the curriculum developed by Nowa Era and WSiP, it should be stated that the curriculum developed by the WSiP publishing house according to the opinion of the surveyed teachers has an advantage over the analogous program Nowa Era in the following areas: transparency, clarity, exhaustion topic, availability for the student

CONDITIONS OF TECHNICAL CREATIVITY AT VARIOUS STAGES OF EDUCATION

Creativity develops, regardless of the age we are, it is never too late to find owns passion for creativity , which in my opinion is hidden somewhere in the depths of ourselves. Creativity involves the area of passion, with interesting way of spending time with the creating of unique objects, proper motivation and the desire to obtain gratifications and possibility to show created works. The study shows selected conditions of students technical creativity at different stages of education. The aim of the study was It was to analyse the determinants of creativity in the various stages of education in Poland. Research took place in junior high school. On the basis of research factors that create creativity are: knowledge, abilities and skills, the ability to develop their own individual interests, level of motivation

THE SENSE OF SAFETY AMONG CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS IN THE LIGHT OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH

The social life is dominated by concepts such as aggression, violence, frustration. The symptoms of this phenomenon are present in schools, families and on the street. They may have different forms, from physical violence both verbal and mental. All this favours the crisis of values and authority. One of the main external causes are the mass media, that do create the lack of authority and values One of the conditions of a child healthy development is to provide him a sense of security, which at the end will be again emphasized, not only by the family but also by a school, carers, environment the police and organized prevention programs. The study shows how children and young people perceive the issues related to security. 

Modern Determinants of the Vocational Education

New education goals, a new teaching content requires from a teacher application of other, also more active teaching methods, and from students require a lot of commitment and increased independence. This paper shows selected conditions of vocational education, paying attention to the needs of acquiring new skills and the need for classification of occupations

Technical and economic analysis of using biomass energy

In the first part of the article were presented the technical possibilities of obtaining solid biomass, biogas, landfill gas, a biogas from wastewater treatment plants, bioethanol and biodiesel. Then processes was described, allowing use of energy from biomass. As first was discussed the incineration which includes drying and degassing of the wood materials, wood gas burning at 1200°C, post-combustion gas and heat transfer in the heat exchanger. Then had been described gasification, or thermochemical conversion process, occurring at high temperature. It is two-stage process. In the first chamber at deficiency of air and at relatively low temperatures (450–800°C), the fuel is being degasified, resulting in creating combustible gas and a mineral residue (charcoal). In the second stage, secondary combustion chamber and at a temperature of about 1000–1200°C and in the presence of excess of oxygen resultant gas is burned. A further process is pyrolysis. It consists of the steps of drying fuel to a moisture level below 10%, milling the biomass into very small particles, the pyrolysis reaction, separation of solid products, cooling and collecting bio-oil. Then discusses co-generation, which is combined production of heat and electricity. In this situation where the biomass contains too much water it can be used for energy purposes through biochemical processes. The alcoholic fermentation results in decomposition of carbohydrates taking place under anaerobic conditions, and the product is bioethanol. Another biochemical process used for the production of liquid biofuels is esterification of vegetable oils. Methane fermentation in turn causes a decomposition of macromolecular organic substances with limited oxygen available. As a result, we obtain alcohols, lower organic acids, methane, carbon dioxide and water. There was analysis of economic increasing of solid biomass energy, biogas and liquid biofuels in the following article

Technical and economic analysis of using biomass energy

In the first part of the article were presented the technical possibilities of obtaining solid biomass, biogas, landfill gas, a biogas from wastewater treatment plants, bioethanol and biodiesel. Then processes was described, allowing use of energy from biomass. As first was discussed the incineration which includes drying and degassing of the wood materials, wood gas burning at 1200°C, post-combustion gas and heat transfer in the heat exchanger. Then had been described gasification, or thermochemical conversion process, occurring at high temperature. It is two-stage process. In the first chamber at deficiency of air and at relatively low temperatures (450–800°C), the fuel is being degasified, resulting in creating combustible gas and a mineral residue (charcoal). In the second stage, secondary combustion chamber and at a temperature of about 1000–1200°C and in the presence of excess of oxygen resultant gas is burned. A further process is pyrolysis. It consists of the steps of drying fuel to a moisture level below 10%, milling the biomass into very small particles, the pyrolysis reaction, separation of solid products, cooling and collecting bio-oil. Then discusses co-generation, which is combined production of heat and electricity. In this situation where the biomass contains too much water it can be used for energy purposes through biochemical processes. The alcoholic fermentation results in decomposition of carbohydrates taking place under anaerobic conditions, and the product is bioethanol. Another biochemical process used for the production of liquid biofuels is esterification of vegetable oils. Methane fermentation in turn causes a decomposition of macromolecular organic substances with limited oxygen available. As a result, we obtain alcohols, lower organic acids, methane, carbon dioxide and water. There was analysis of economic increasing of solid biomass energy, biogas and liquid biofuels in the following article