Entrepreneuriat familial et stratégies de pérennité : contribution au concept d’innovation prudentielle

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’analyser les comportements en matière d’innovation d’entreprises familiales pérennes. Une analyse de données secondaires constituées detémoignages relatifs à l’innovation dans des firmes familiales pérennes met en évidence la recherche constante d’arbitrage entre stabilité et renouvellement, et le poids des traditionsagissant comme garde-fou des stratégies d’innovation. Puis, des choix stratégiques d’innovation réalisés par une entreprise familiale pérenne sont analysés en profondeur et permettentde spécifier le concept d’innovation prudentielle. Cette notion est ensuite précisée à l’aide de sept caractéristiques puisant toutes leur origine dans les traits communément acceptésdes firmes familiales pérennes.The objective of this research is to analyze the innovation strategy of sustainable family firms. An analysis of verbatim of managers in sustainable family firms showed that theyare constantly looking at a trade-off between stability and renewal. It highlights that the traditions act as safeguard against risky innovations. Afterward, a fine analysis ofstrategic choices in innovation made by a family firm was undertaken: it led to the specification of the concept of prudential innovation. This concept is then characterized throughseven features resulting from the commonly accepted characteristics of sustainable family firms.El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar los comportamientos en materia de innovación de las dinastías empresariales. Un análisis de los datos secundarios constituidos portestimonios relativos a la innovación dentro de las dinastías empresariales pone en evidencia la búsqueda constante de arbitraje entre estabilidad y renovación, y el peso de lastradiciones que actúa como pretil de las estrategias de innovación. Se analizan luego en profundidad las elecciones estratégicas de innovación realizadas por una dinastía empresarial,lo que permite especificar el concepto de innovación prudencial. Esta noción se precisa a continuación mediante siete características derivadas de los rasgos que suelen considerarsedefinitorios de las dinastías empresariales

Pratiques de Knowledge Management en région Languedoc Roussillon

L'objet de cette recherche est d'analyser le comportement des entreprises de la région Languedoc Roussillon en matière de management des connaissances, de faire un état des lieux des pratiques et de leur évolution. En particulier il est mis en évidence les objectifs des entreprises (veille concurrentielle, gestion de la relation client, capitalisation des savoirs, amélioration des processus d'échange d'informations...), les outils déployés (bases de données, logiciels de travail collaboratif...), ainsi que les dispositifs organisationnels et de gestion des ressources humaines mobilisés. Les problèmes rencontrés dans la mise en oeuvre des politiques de management des connaissances seront également soulignés (culture, réticences...).knowledge management; outils; pratiques; état des lieux

South African urban youth responses to living in a world with COVID: Lessons from #Slam4urLife

Using poetry, visual art, songs, raps and sketches submitted to #Slam4urLife, a social media competition encouraging young people in South Africa to respond creatively to the COVID-19 pandemic, this article outlines young urban people’s responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa through four narratives: shock, loss, survival and activism. Resting on practices of engaged scholarship, it draws on knowledge bases and collaborations in and beyond the academy to contribute grounded research on arts-based social media competitions as an effective method for encouraging and amplifying the youth voice. It does this by creating digital public spaces in which young people can practise civic engagement in contexts where this cannot be done in physical public spaces. In doing so, the article contributes to the literature on community-based research and youth in African cities from the perspective of South Africa. It also argues the importance of art-based social media competitions in creating digital public spaces in which the youth voice can be encouraged, legitimised and amplified in so far as these kinds of digital spaces allow for a kind of civic engagement not always seen by young people in the physical public spaces of African cities

Management des connaissances : quels dispositifs pour quels objectifs ?

Cet article examine les questions de recherche suivantes : quels sont les objectifs du management des connaissances et les dispositifs mis en place dans les organisations ? Peut-on établir des relations spécifiques entre objectifs et dispositifs ? Et, enfin, peut-on identifier des facteurs de contingence ? L’approche méthodologique retenue s’appuie sur une étude quantitative par questionnaire menée auprès d’une centaine d’entreprises. D’un point de vue théorique, les résultats de cette recherche montrent, en accord avec la littérature, l’existence de groupes d’objectifs distincts – à visée interne et externe –, et de groupes de dispositifs – organisationnels, techniques, humains. Nous avons alors cherché à montrer l’existence de liens directs entre objectifs et dispositifs. Or, nous constatons une quasi absence de liens significatifs. Ainsi, les choix des dirigeants en matière d’objectifs et de dispositifs sont dissociés, et ne font pas apparaître de combinaison significative : les acteurs disposent d’un portefeuille de dispositifs KM sans caractérisation a priori sur l’atteinte d’objectifs internes ou externes. Par ailleurs, l’étude de la contingence fait apparaître des résultats contrastés. Une étude typologique des dirigeants a enfin été menée et a fait apparaître trois profils comportementaux : les convaincus, les modérés et les sceptiques. D’un point de vue pratique et managérial, cette recherche caractérise les objectifs et les dispositifs afin de permettre une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes en œuvre

Using transcriptome profiling to characterize QTL regions on chicken chromosome 5

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although many QTL for various traits have been mapped in livestock, location confidence intervals remain wide that makes difficult the identification of causative mutations. The aim of this study was to test the contribution of microarray data to QTL detection in livestock species. Three different but complementary approaches are proposed to improve characterization of a chicken QTL region for abdominal fatness (AF) previously detected on chromosome 5 (GGA5).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Hepatic transcriptome profiles for 45 offspring of a sire known to be heterozygous for the distal GGA5 AF QTL were obtained using a 20 K chicken oligochip. mRNA levels of 660 genes were correlated with the AF trait. The first approach was to dissect the AF phenotype by identifying animal subgroups according to their 660 transcript profiles. Linkage analysis using some of these subgroups revealed another QTL in the middle of GGA5 and increased the significance of the distal GGA5 AF QTL, thereby refining its localization. The second approach targeted the genes correlated with the AF trait and regulated by the GGA5 AF QTL region. Five of the 660 genes were considered as being controlled either by the AF QTL mutation itself or by a mutation close to it; one having a function related to lipid metabolism (HMGCS1). In addition, a QTL analysis with a multiple trait model combining this 5 gene-set and AF allowed us to refine the QTL region. The third approach was to use these 5 transcriptome profiles to predict the paternal Q versus q AF QTL mutation for each recombinant offspring and then refine the localization of the QTL from 31 cM (100 genes) at a most probable location confidence interval of 7 cM (12 genes) after determining the recombination breakpoints, an interval consistent with the reductions obtained by the two other approaches.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results showed the feasibility and efficacy of the three strategies used, the first revealing a QTL undetected using the whole population, the second providing functional information about a QTL region through genes related to the trait and controlled by this region (HMGCS1), the third could drastically refine a QTL region.</p

Development and validation of high-density SNP array in ducks

Development and validation of high-density SNP array in ducks. XIth European symposium on poultry genetics (ESPG

French Experience of 2009 A/H1N1v Influenza in Pregnant Women

BACKGROUND: The first reports on the pandemic influenza 2009 A/H1N1v from the USA, Mexico, and Australia indicated that this disease was associated with a high mortality in pregnant women. The aim of this study was to describe and compare the characteristics of severe critically ill and non-severe pregnant women with 2009 A/H1N1v-related illness in France. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A national registry was created to screen pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed 2009 A/H1N1v influenza. Three hundred and fifteen patients from 46 French hospitals were included: 40 patients were admitted to intensive care units (severe outcomes), 111 were hospitalized in obstetric or medical wards (moderate outcomes), and 164 were outpatients (mild outcomes). The 2009 A/H1N1v influenza illness occurred during all pregnancy trimesters, but most women (54%), notably the severe patients (70%), were in the third trimester. Among the severe patients, twenty (50%) underwent mechanical ventilation, and eleven (28%) were treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Three women died from A/H1N1v influenza. We found a strong association between the development of a severe outcome and both co-existing illnesses (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 5.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2-11.8) and a delay in oseltamivir treatment after the onset of symptoms (>3 or 5 days) (adjusted OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.9-12.1 and 61.2, 95% CI; 14.4-261.3, respectively). Among the 140 deliveries after 22 weeks of gestation known to date, 19 neonates (14%) were admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit, mainly for preterm delivery, and two neonates died. None of these neonates developed 2009 A/H1N1v infection. CONCLUSIONS: This series confirms the high incidence of complications in pregnant women infected with pandemic A/H1N1v observed in other countries but depicts a lower overall maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity than indicated in the USA or Australia. Moreover, our data demonstrate the benefit of early oseltamivir treatment in this specific population

QCompere @ REPERE 2013

International audienceWe describe QCompere consortium submissions to the REPERE 2013 evaluation campaign. The REPERE challenge aims at gathering four communities (face recognition, speaker identification, optical character recognition and named entity detection) towards the same goal: multimodal person recognition in TV broadcast. First, four mono-modal components are introduced (one for each foregoing community) constituting the elementary building blocks of our various submissions. Then, depending on the target modality (speaker or face recognition) and on the task (supervised or unsupervised recognition), four different fusion techniques are introduced: they can be summarized as propagation-, classifier-, rule- or graph-based approaches. Finally, their performance is evaluated on REPERE 2013 test set and their advantages and limitations are discussed