The power of pictures: Vertical picture angles in power pictures

Abstract: Conventional wisdom suggests that variations in vertical picture angle cause the subject to appear more powerful when depicted from below and less powerful when depicted from above. However, do the media actually use such associations to represent individual differences in power? We argue that the diverse perspectives of evolutionary, social learning, and embodiment theories all suggest that the association between verticality and power is relatively automatic and should, therefore, be visible in the portrayal of powerful and powerless individuals in the media. Four archival studies (with six samples) provide empirical evidence for this hypothesis and indicate that a salience power context reinforces this effect. In addition, two experimental studies confirm these effects for individuals producing media content. We discuss potential implications of this effect

Phylogeny and Biogeography of Hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae): Evidence from Five Nuclear Genes

The 1400 species of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) comprise one of most conspicuous and well-studied groups of insects, and provide model systems for diverse biological disciplines. However, a robust phylogenetic framework for the family is currently lacking. Morphology is unable to confidently determine relationships among most groups. As a major step toward understanding relationships of this model group, we have undertaken the first large-scale molecular phylogenetic analysis of hawkmoths representing all subfamilies, tribes and subtribes.The data set consisted of 131 sphingid species and 6793 bp of sequence from five protein-coding nuclear genes. Maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses provided strong support for more than two-thirds of all nodes, including strong signal for or against nearly all of the fifteen current subfamily, tribal and sub-tribal groupings. Monophyly was strongly supported for some of these, including Macroglossinae, Sphinginae, Acherontiini, Ambulycini, Philampelini, Choerocampina, and Hemarina. Other groupings proved para- or polyphyletic, and will need significant redefinition; these include Smerinthinae, Smerinthini, Sphingini, Sphingulini, Dilophonotini, Dilophonotina, Macroglossini, and Macroglossina. The basal divergence, strongly supported, is between Macroglossinae and Smerinthinae+Sphinginae. All genes contribute significantly to the signal from the combined data set, and there is little conflict between genes. Ancestral state reconstruction reveals multiple separate origins of New World and Old World radiations.Our study provides the first comprehensive phylogeny of one of the most conspicuous and well-studied insects. The molecular phylogeny challenges current concepts of Sphingidae based on morphology, and provides a foundation for a new classification. While there are multiple independent origins of New World and Old World radiations, we conclude that broad-scale geographic distribution in hawkmoths is more phylogenetically conserved than previously postulated

Occupational pension funds: Governance issues at the international and European levels

This article reviews the orientation of the European regulation on pension fund governance in the international context of the OECD’s recommendations. It outlines the features judged to be essential for a sound private pension scheme’s governance. It then describes the orientation of the European regulations in this area and sets out some criticisms. The focus is on private sector ‘defined-contribution’ occupational pension plans managed by a pension fund, in light of the shared perception that the ‘governance’ issue is particularly sensitive for these types of schemes

Plaidoyer pour une valorisation du jugement clinique dans la profession infirmière : les cas des plaies de pression et des chutes

Plusieurs infirmières pratiquant dans les centres d'hébergement se questionnent sur la pertinence d'utiliser systématiquement certaines échelles de mesure. Elles sont d'avis que l'utilisation ou les modalités entourant l'usage de ces échelles augmentent surtout leur charge de travail et ne contribuent pas toujours à l'amélioration de la qualité des soins. Face à cette préoccupation, la communauté de pratique de la Faculté des sciences infirmières de l'Université Laval sur les soins à l'aîné en centre d'hébergement (CP-FSI) a voulu explorer les fondements à la base des recommandations de ces différents instruments de mesure en l'occurrence l'échelle du risque de plaie de pression de Braden et les échelles d'évaluation des risques de chute. Un examen de la littérature scientifique et l'analyse de données empiriques amènent à la conclusion que l'utilisation systématique de ces échelles alourdit en effet la tâche des infirmières. Qui plus est, le jugement clinique infirmier est équivalent ou supérieur à l'utilisation de ces échelles. La CP-FSI conclut à l'importance de modifier les recommandations sur l'usage systématique de ces échelles et de plutôt valoriser le jugement clinique des infirmières