Noise reduction in 3D noncollinear parametric amplifier

We analytically find an approximate Bloch-Messiah reduction of a noncollinear parametric amplifier pumped with a focused monochromatic beam. We consider type I phase matching. The results are obtained using a perturbative expansion and scaled to a high gain regime. They allow a straightforward maximization of the signal gain and minimization of the parametric fluorescence noise. We find the fundamental mode of the amplifier, which is an elliptic Gaussian defining the optimal seed beam shape. We conclude that the output of the amplifier should be stripped of higher order modes, which are approximately Hermite-Gaussian beams. Alternatively, the pump waist can be adjusted such that the amount of noise produced in the higher order modes is minimized.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, accepted to Applied Physics

The role of industrial informatics in the process of integrated enterprise informatization shown in the example of opencast mining

Zastosowanie zasobów informacyjnych informatyki przemysłowej w menedżerskie procesy decyzyjne stanowi główną problematykę artykułu. Autor zwraca szczególną uwagę na wieloaspektowy charakter jakości informacyjnej informacji wytwarzanej przez systemy informatyki przemysłowej i w tych systemach deponowanych. Wskazuje na walory techniczne tej informacji, ale eksponuje jej ekonomiczny i zarządczy charakter, co udowadnia na konkretnych przykładach. Istotę zagadnienia dedykuje tym praktykom gospodarczym, którzy nie doceniają ekonomicznego aspektu informacji technicznej zwłaszcza w procesie integracji systemu informacyjnego przedsiębiorstwa realizowanego przy użyciu zintegrowanej technologii informatycznej, w tym również w implementacjach systemów wysoko zaawansowanych technologicznie. Etap przygotowania firmy do wdrożenia zintegrowanej technologii informatycznej wyposażonej w zdolność zasilania menedżerskich procesów decyzyjnych zasobami informacyjnymi systemów informatyki przemysłowej autor wskazuje jako krytyczny dla możliwości wieloaspektowej eksploatacji informacji charakteryzującej techniczne aspekty procesu produkcyjnego przedsiębiorstwa. Ilustruje logikę powiązań zasobów informacyjnych przedsiębiorstwa i przykładowe narzędzie praktycznego sankcjonowania trwałości tych relacji. Problematykę artykułu autor prezentuje na przykładzie kopalni węgla brunatnego. Wybrany podmiot ilustruje przypadek dobrej praktyki przygotowania firmy do wdrożenia wysoko zaawansowanej technologii informatycznej, wykorzystywanej do wspomagania zarządzania przedsiębiorstwem wysokiej specyfiki w warunkach turbulentnego otoczenia oraz konkurencji branżowej na rynku globalnym.The article focuses on the use information resources of industrial informatics in managerial decision-making processes. The Author emphasizes particularly the multiple aspects of the quality of information generated in industrial informatics systems as well as information deposited in the systems. Technical values of such information are indicated, and its economic and managerial nature is displayed, which is demonstrated by specific examples. The subject matter is dedicated to practitioners of economics who fail to appreciate the economic aspect of technical information, particularly in the process of integrating the enterprise information systems achieved through integrated informatics technology, including the implementation of technologically advanced systems. The Author considers the stage of preparing an enterprise for the implementation of integrated informatics technology, equipped with the capacity to support managerial decision-making processes with industrial informatics resources, as critical to the possible uses of information characteristic for technical aspects of the enterprise production process. The logic of interrelations of the enterprise information resources is shown and a sample tool for practical sanctioning of the lasting nature of such relations is demonstrated. The subject matter of the article is presented in the example of a lignite mine. The entity selected illustrates the case of good practice in preparing an enterprise to the implementation of advanced informatics technology used to support highly specific enterprise management in turbulent environment and competitive global market

Dioxins, furans and PCBs - toxicity and occurrence in the environment

Ksenobiotyki są bardzo dużą grupą związków o strukturalnej budowie podobnej do estrogenów. Ta grupa posiada wiele różnych właściwości chemicznych: zdolność do wywoływania efektów toksycznych, trwałość w środowisku, zdolność do bioakumulacji i transportu atmosferycznego na duże odległości. W pracy analizowano obecność dioksyn, furanów i polichlorowanych bifenyli w środowisku. Została podana ich charakterystyka. Ze względu na wszechobecność dioksyn w środowisku człowieka, wynikającą z działalności przemysłowej i rolniczej (środki ochrony roślin), całkowite wyeliminowanie narażenia ludzi na dioksyny jest praktycznie niemożliwe. Kontrola narażenia na zatrucie dioksynami ma na celu ocenę ryzyka wystąpienia niekorzystnych skutków zdrowotnych, wynikających z narażenia na te związki, i powinna być skoncentrowana na redukcji emisji dioksyn do środowiska i zaniechania procesów technologicznych, będących źrodłami ich powstawania. Została przedstawiona toksyczność tych związków i ich wpływ na zdrowie człowieka. Zostały scharakteryzowane źródła ich występowania w środowisku.Xenobiotics are a very large group of compounds of structural construction similar to that of estrogen. Within this group occur many different chemical characteristics: the ability to cause toxic effects, persistence in the environment, bioaccumulativeness, and atmospheric transport over long distances. In this study, presence of dioxins, furans and polychlorinated biphenyls in the environment were presented. Their characteristic was given. Due to the omnipresence of dioxins in the human environment resulting from industrial and agricultural activities (pesticides), total elimination of human exposure to dioxins is virtually impossible. Control of exposure to dioxin poisoning aims to assess the risk of adverse health effects resulting from exposure to these compounds and should be concentrated on reducing emissions of dioxins into the environment and stopping processes that are the sources of their formation. The toxicity of these compounds and their effects on human health were presented. Sources of their occurrence in the environment were characterized

Radiation decontamination of herbs and spices

A review regarding application of radiation for decontamination of herbs and spices is presented. General principles of the process and the results of the research on biologically active components are discussed. The report regarding the development in this field in selected countries and regions is included

MEAT – FROM FUNCTIONAL FOOD TO DISEASES OF MODERN CIVILIZATION**

**Plenary invited paper. Meat is an important component of the human diet and provides many nutrients, in particular high-value protein that contains all amino acids, vitamins (including vitamin B12 not found in plant foods), mineral compounds that contain bioelements, saturated and unsaturated acids and enzymes, among other things. This is the most important information on the nutritive value of meat. In arguing against theories that meat is harmful to humans, because our organisms are adjusted to digestion of plant products, it is worth recalling that some 2.5 million years ago mutations emerged in our DNA thanks to which human bodies began to tolerate a meat diet, and we can digest large amounts of animal protein. A look at the daily consumption of protein in different parts of the world shows that plant foods cannot eliminate hunger. What is more, only animal protein is high-value protein. Total protein, g/day Including animal protein, g/da

THE QUALITY OF MODEL SAUSAGES WITH ADDITION OF DIFFERENT DRIED POWDERS OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES DURING COLD STORAGE**

**Original scientific paper Abstract:There is an attempt of using of dried powders of black currant and black chokeberry fruits and dried carrot powder to better the properties of model comminuted sausages. Model stuffings were composed from pork meat and lard (80 % vs.20%), water (30%), curing salt (2%). Black currant, black chokeberry and carrot were added at two different levels (3 % and 7%). The quality assessment of pasteurized sausages included: chemical analyses (fat, protein, ash and water/total solids content), fat degradation level was measured by free acids and peroxides level and microbiological load; also the sensory score and texture profile of sausages was performed. The sausages were stored in the refrigerator for 14 days and the assessment of fat degradation level- free acids and peroxides level, sensory evaluation (except last day of storage), texture profile and microbiological load were checked. The sausages with black chokeberry additive were accepted by sensory panel so there exists possibility of additive use to commercial stuffings. The blackcurrant additive can be used in sausages formulation, but in less amounts than 3 % addition dose. Carrot dried powder additive influenced flavour of model sausages and caused better sensory assessment in comparison to control sausages. There should be applied another way of fruit powder preparation (drying) and storage conditions adjusted for preventing it from moulds contamination. Key words: model sausages additives, dried chockeberry powder, dried black currant powder, dried carrot powde