Brown v. Liberty Loan Corp., 392 F. Supp. 1023 (M.D. Fla. 1974)

Constitutional Law- DUE PROCESS- POSTJUDGMENT WAGE GARNISHMENT PROCEDURE THAT GIVES DEBTOR NO NOTICE OR OPPORTUNITY TO ASSERT STATUTORY EXEMPTION PRIOR TO GARNISHMENT IS UNCONSTITUTIONAL

A History Of The Associate Degree Nursing Program In Nevada, 1963-1983

This study discusses the development of the present four associate degree nursing programs in the state of Nevada. It begins with a brief overview of the development of the associate degree program in the nation. Next it examines the survey of Nevada\u27s nursing needs and the plans and actions taken by citizens of Nevada in response to the survey; The first school began in what later became the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. In 1967 federal money was obtained to operate associate degree and baccalaureate nursing classes as a joint venture between the Reno and Las Vegas campuses of the University of Nevada. These classes were conducted by closed circuit television. By the end of the television project, the community college system was beginning, and an associate degree program opened in the Reno area community college. The next program opened in Elko at Northern Nevada Community College, in 1978, and in 1982 Western Nevada Community College in Carson City began its program; The development of the programs was influenced by the growth of associate degree nursing programs in the nation, and by the growth of the university and community college system in Nevada. The curriculums for the schools followed the general pattern set by Mildred Montag; The study closes with some questions about the future which revolve about the preparation and utilization of the associate degree nurse versus changes in health care provisions and escalating costs

Auditory cortical responses in the cat to sounds that produce spatial illusions

Humans and cats can localize a sound source accurately if its spectrum is fairly broad and flat(1-3), as is typical of most natural sounds. However, if sounds are filtered to reduce the width of the spectrum, they result:in illusions of sources that are very different from the actual locations, particularly in the up/down and front/back dimensions(4-6). Such illusions reveal that the auditory system relies on specific characteristics of sound spectra to obtain cues for localization(7). In the-auditory cortex of cats, temporal firing patterns of neurons can signal the locations of broad-band sounds(8-9). Here we show that such spike patterns systematically mislocalize sounds that have been passed through a narrow-band filter. Both correct and incorrect locations signalled by neurons can be predicted quantitatively by a model of spectral processing that also predicts correct and incorrect localization judgements by human listeners(6). Similar cortical mechanisms, if present in humans, could underlie human auditory spatial perception.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62778/1/399688a0.pd

Modeling the Performance of the Intermittent Sand Filter

Several models were developed to predict the efficiency of the intermittent sand filter (ISF) in removing algae from wastewater stabilization pond effluent; volatile suspended solids (VSS) was the analytical technique used to identify algal concentrations. The first (ISF model) and second (modified ISF model) models consisted of two distinct portions: a surface algal layer (SAL) component and a sand phase component. In the ISF model, the sand phase component was described in terms of 20 empirical sand filter efficiency terms (20 ^ coefficients); in the modified ISF model, a functional relationship between ^ and filter depth was developed. The modified ISF model was less accurate than the ISF model in predicting filter effluent quality. The third model (simplified ISF model) consisted of a single component (the sand phase). The mass of algae which was deposited to the SAL componenet in the first two models was, instead, forced into the top (2 inch) layer of sand. The functional relationship between the sand phase filter term and filter depth was recalculated and utilized to desribe the decrease in the concentration of algae during the filtration process. The simplified ISF model was comparable to the ISF model in predicting filter effluent quality. The simplified model predicted 85 percent VSS removal for 0.17 mm effective sand size (E\u27) filters and 44 percent VSS removal for 0.40 and 0.68 mm E\u27 filters. The application of the simplified ISF model is subject to limitations of maximum hydraulic loading rates of 0.7 million gallons per acre per day and miximum mass loadings of 49 grams of SS per m^2 per day for 0.17 mm effective size sand. Design curves, in which period of filter operation was described as a function of mass loading, were developed for ISF systems containing 0.17, 0.40, and 0.68 mm E\u27 media. Wastewater stabilization pond effluents having calcium carbonate precipitation problems were included as a special case in this analysis

Detergent and Non-Detergent Phosphorus in Sewage

Introduction: Quantitative data on nutrient levels in sewage from homes which are using heavy-duty detergents and which have been restrcited from using such detergents is necessary before rational decisions on the removal of phosphorus from detergetn can be made. Furthermore, the effect of various standard sewage treatment schemes on phosphorus levels should be evaluated to determine the relative cost of such treatment. Then the cost (to society, the environment, and to the taxpayer) of phosphorus removal from detergent and/or from sewage effluents can be estimated and such data utilized to make the appropriate policy decisions. The report herein presented is concerned principally with developing basic data that will provide information as to the changes that occur in concentration, biostimulation, and phosphorus removal efficeincies with and without heavy-duty detergents

The Kinetics of Rotating Biological Contactors Treating Domestic Wastewater

Four, four-stage, laboratory scale rotating biological contactor (RBC) units were employed to develop kinetic models for the RBC process when treating domestic wastewater. The study was conducted at three different temperatures of 5 degrees C, 15 degrees C, and 20 degrees C. Each unit operated at a different constant organic loading rate taht ranged from 4 qCOD/m^2/d to 14 gCOD/m^2/d and at a constand detention time of 2 hours. Carbonaceous substrate removals measured as COD cencentrations with the four-stage RBC\u27s were 80, 85, and 90 percent for 5 degrees C, 15 degrees C, and 20 degrees C, respectively. The major part of the removal occurred in the first stages. The overall precentage removals of ammonia nitrogen were 87 to 98 percent at 15 degrees C from 91 to 99 percent at 20 degrees C depending upon the influent organic loading rate. At 5 degrees C there was no ammonia nitrogen removal. Kinetic models were devloped and kinetic constants were determined for COD and ammonia nitrogen removal in the first and succeeding stages of the RBC units. Biomass yeild, biomass stabilization, and ammonia nitrogen removal were also evaluated. Monod growth kinetics were used in the development of the models for carbonaceous substrate removal in the first stages and for ammonia nitrogen removal in the system. The temeprature dependency of each kindetic constant was determined for the range of 5 degrees C to 20 Degrees C. Steady-state kinetic models were developed, and kinetic constants were determined as a function of temperature to provide a rational design approach for the RBC process treating domestic wastewater

Quantifying Flows in Time-Irreversible Markov Chains

Stochastic networks a.k.a. Markov chains allow us to model phenomena in systems arising in many applications. The appeal of stochastic networks is that they offer a mathematically tractable and robust model focused on the most important features of the system. Nevertheless, stochastic networks approximating complex systems can be huge and unstructured, and an effective description of their dynamics is a challenging mathematical problem. This dissertation is motivated by our study of two models of a gene regulatory network (GRN), one deterministic [1] and one stochastic [2], which describes the budding yeast cell cycle. A GRN with N nodes can be straightforwardly converted into a Markov chain with 2^N states. Our scientific goal is to understand how the stochasticity affects the stability of the cell cycle in the GRN. This gives rise to our mathematical goal: to develop efficient tools for quantifying dynamics of large time-irreversible Markov chains. Our methodological developments are built upon the transition path theory (TPT) [16] which is a general framework for describing transitions in Markov chains between two subsets of states. In TPT, the transition process is described by the so- called effective current. We have realized that the effective current gives a lopsided description of the transition process in the case of time-irreversible networks where elementary cycles of length greater than two are present. Thus, we have introduced the so-called acyclic current that gives a quantitative description of a transition process and proposed an algorithm to compute it. Moreover, we have developed a general recipe to modify the generator matrix of a given Markov chain in order to make the stationary probability current and the invariant distribution in the modified chain coincide with a desired current and a desired invariant distribution in the original chain. Finally, we have applied these tools to the budding yeast cell cycle GRN. Our results show which edges are essential and which ones are redundant. Our computations eloquently demonstrate that stochasticity makes the GRN much more stable with respect to edge removals. This conclusion is consistent with Q. Nie’s statement [26] that stochasticity plays a fundamental role in biological processes

Development of Design Criteria for Sensitizer Photooxidation Treatment Systems

Sensitized photooxidation is a physicochemical process that can degrade many toxic and refractory organic pollutants. A trace quantity of sensitizer added to the waste absorbs visible light; electronically excited intermediates then transfer the energy to decompose the waste. Engeineering design criteria were developed for industrial waste treatment lagoons that would use sensitized photooxidation. Design criteria were developed regarding optimum lagoon pH, optimum sensitizer concentration, depth and sizing of lagoons, dissolved oxygen requirements, and effect of temperature on photooxidation rate. Treatment of the refractory pesticides bromacil, terbacil, and fluometuron was investigated using methylene blue and riboflavin as sensitizers. Methylene blue-sensitized photooxidation of the three pesticides was most efficient at basic pH. The optimum pH of riboflavin-sensitized photooxidaction varied and was substrate-dependent. A model was developed to predict sensitized photooxidation rate as a function of lagoon depth. The model is based on light intesnity, sensitizer extinction coefficient, and an applied quantum yeirld, all of which are integrated over wavelengths of visible light. The model serves as the basis of sizing photooxidation lagoons. A dissolved oxygen residual of 1 mg/1 was required to maintain maximum methylene blue-sensitized photooxidation rate. At least 4 mg/1 dissolved oxygen was necessary to maintain riboflavin-sensitized phooxidation at maximum levels. Oxygen uptake rates in sensitized phooxidation reactions were proportional to the concentration of substrate. Temperatures from 10 degrees to 35 degreees Celcius had no significant effect on sensitized photooxidation rates. Using the model developed, a methylene blue-sensitized phooxidation pilot lagoon was designed to treat a 30 mg/1 bromacil influent concentraion to 0.1 mg/1 bromacil in the effluent. For an influent flow of 0.263 m^3/min (0.1 MGD) waste, a 0.1 mg/1 methylene blue concentration, 36 cm depth, and 1870 m^2 surface area are required. A cost analysis was performed which indicated that sensitized photooxidation lagoons appear to be cost-compentitive with other industrial waste treatement systems

V/STOL lift fan commercial short haul transports: Continuing conceptual design study

A design study of commercial V/STOL transport airplanes for a 1985 operational time period has been made. The baseline mission considered was 400 nmi at a cruise speed of M = 0.75 and a 100-passenger payload with VTOL. Variations from the baseline included mission distance, payload, cruise speed, and propulsion system failure philosophy. All designs used propulsion systems consisting of multiple gas generators driving remote tip turbine lift and lift/cruise fans. By considering the fan to be designed for operational reliability, significant simplication of the airplane systems and reduction in airplane size and cost can be achieved

Evaluation of the Addition of Granular Media Filtration to Wastewater Treatment Plants to Meet New Standards

A dual media filtration study was carried out at the central Weber Wastewater Treatment Plant in Ogden, Utah, to evaluate its feasibility as a tertiary treatment to meet new effluent quality standards. A review of the literature indicated that dual media filters were more efficient than conventional single media sand filters because of the “in depth” filtration achieved by dual media filters. An experimental filter was operated at four different hydraulic loading rates, ranging from 3 to 6 gpm/ft 2 (122.10 to 244.20 1/min/m2), to evaluate its effects on effluent quality. Hydraulic loading rate was shown not to affect suspended solids removal. The experimental filter produced excellent suspended solids removal; however, BOD5 removal efficiency was relatively poor because the influent to the filter contained high concentrations of soluble BOD5 and colloidal organic solids. Filter effluent quality met State of Utah standards of 10 mg/1 of BOD5 at the hydraulic loading rate of 3 gpm/ft2 and exceeded the standard by less than 2 mg/1 at loading rates due to removal of 4, 5, and 6 gpm/ft2. Filter cycle durations were very short at higher filtration rates due to removal of influent suspended solids in the intermixed portions of the filter media. Biological growth within the filter media was a major problem in the operation of the filter. The filter influent was chlorinated to prevent this growth. The study indicated that dual media filtration of trickling filter plant effluent to meet new effluent quality standards is economically feasible and can produce an effluent which meets state and federal standards