Swelling and Ccnsolidaticn Characieristics of the Permian Clay

Civil Engineerin

Polylactic Acid (PLA) Reinforced with Date Palm Sheath Fiber Bio-Composites: Evaluation of Fiber Density, Geometry, and Content on the Physical and Mechanical Properties

Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Significant interest for utilizing and processing natural fibers (NF) to develop sustainable and fully biodegradable composites evolved as the global environmental concerns upsurge. Date palm tree (DPT) accounts for more than 2.8 million tons of waste annually, making it the most abundant agricultural biomass waste in the MENA region. This study investigates the effect of date palm fiber (DPF) density, diameter size and content on both the mechanical and physical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced DPF bio-composite. The bio-composites are developed using melt-mixing technique which is followed by compression molding. The influence of the mechanical properties is investigated by evaluating the tensile, flexural and impact strengths. Meanwhile bio-composite thickness swelling (TS), moisture content (MC) and water absorption (WA) characteristics are evaluated. Bio-composite microstructures are examined using SEM to investigate the interfacial bonding between PLA matrix and DPF. Results showed that at 40 wt.% DPF, the TS, MC, and WA were the highest demonstrating an increase of 4.10%, 4.95%, and 8.22%, respectively. Although the results demonstrated a decrease in mechanical properties as DPF content increased (depending on DPF geometry), the results indicate that the developed technologies could be commercialized under the waste management scheme for non-structural applications. 摘要 随着全球环境问题的加剧，人们对利用和加工天然纤维（NF）开发可持续和完全生物降解的复合材料产生了极大的兴趣. 椰枣树（DPT）每年产生280多万吨废弃物，是中东和北非地区最丰富的农业生物质废弃物. 本研究研究了椰枣纤维（DPF）密度、直径大小和含量对聚乳酸（PLA）增强DPF生物复合材料力学和物理性能的影响. 生物复合材料是使用熔融混合技术开发的，然后是压缩成型. 通过评估拉伸、弯曲和冲击强度来研究力学性能的影响. 同时，评估了生物复合材料的厚度膨胀（TS）、水分含量（MC）和吸水率（WA）特性. 使用SEM检查生物复合材料微观结构，以研究PLA基质和DPF之间的界面结合. 结果表明，在40重量%的DPF下，TS、MC和WA最高，分别增加了4.10%、4.95%和8.22%. 尽管结果表明，随着DPF含量的增加（取决于DPF的几何形状），机械性能有所下降，但结果表明，开发的技术可以在非结构应用的废物管理计划下商业化.This research did not receive any public or private grants and funds

Coliform Bacteria and Hatching Egg Disinfectants

(This study aimed to monitoring the microbial status of broiler breeder hatching eggs through isolation of coliform bacteria, especially Salmonella and E coli from eggs and hatched chicks and identification of isolated microorganism by PCR. Besides, the reduction of the contamination rate by using different egg disinfectants. A total of 600 broiler breeder Saso fertile eggs was purchased from a commercial broiler breeder flock aged 27 wk, which reared on a deep litter system at a private farm in Gharbiya Governorate, Egypt. The eggs were allocated randomly into four equal treatment groups (n?150) according to the disinfectant used. The eggs in the first group were kept as a control without treatment. While, the eggs in the second group were disinfected by 1.4% H2O2. The eggs in the third group were disinfected by 0.5

Impact of Boiler Breeders Hatching Eggs Disinfection Time on Some Hatchability Parameters

(Control of microorganisms on hatching eggshell surface requires an effective disinfectant to kill the pathogens without injury to the live chick embryo. The present experiment was carried out to study the effect of hatching egg sanitization time by different disinfectants on some hatchability parameters

The Microbiome Stress Project: Toward a Global Meta-Analysis of Environmental Stressors and Their Effects on Microbial Communities

Microbial community structure is highly sensitive to natural (e.g., drought, temperature, fire) and anthropogenic (e.g., heavy metal exposure, land-use change) stressors. However, despite an immense amount of data generated, systematic, cross-environment analyses of microbiome responses to multiple disturbances are lacking. Here, we present the Microbiome Stress Project, an open-access database of environmental and host-associated 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing studies collected to facilitate cross-study analyses of microbiome responses to stressors. This database will comprise published and unpublished datasets re-processed from the raw sequences into exact sequence variants using our standardized computational pipeline. Our database will provide insight into general response patterns of microbiome diversity, structure, and stability to environmental stressors. It will also enable the identification of cross-study associations between single or multiple stressors and specific microbial clades. Here, we present a proof-of-concept meta-analysis of 606 microbiomes (from nine studies) to assess microbial community responses to: (1) one stressor in one environment: soil warming across a variety of soil types, (2) a range of stressors in one environment: soil microbiome responses to a comprehensive set of stressors (incl. temperature, diesel, antibiotics, land use change, drought, and heavy metals), (3) one stressor across a range of environments: copper exposure effects on soil, sediment, activated-sludge reactors, and gut environments, and (4) the general trends of microbiome stressor responses. Overall, we found that stressor exposure significantly decreases microbiome alpha diversity and increases beta diversity (community dispersion) across a range of environments and stressor types. We observed a hump-shaped relationship between microbial community resistance to stressors (i.e., the average pairwise similarity score between the control and stressed communities) and alpha diversity. We used Phylofactor to identify microbial clades and individual taxa as potential bioindicators of copper contamination across different environments. Using standardized computational and statistical methods, the Microbiome Stress Project will leverage thousands of existing datasets to build a general framework for how microbial communities respond to environmental stress