15 research outputs found
Appendix C. List of plant species collected for (i) pollen and (ii) nectar, species affiliation within resource types and mass proportion (%), ranked the most to the least annually collected by resource type.
List of plant species collected for (i) pollen and (ii) nectar, species affiliation within resource types and mass proportion (%), ranked the most to the least annually collected by resource type
Video tracking of bees using a vertical arena.
<p><b>A,</b> Examples of paths followed during 3 minutes by four individual young bees (day 1 after emergence). <b>B,</b> Superimposed paths followed by eighty individual bees. Overall, arena sides were more frequently visited. <b>C,</b> Locomotor ability measured at day 1, 2 and 6 after emergence (bees kept in an incubator). Mean distance (± S.E.M) covered by bees slightly increased from 3.2 to 3.8 meters between day 1 and 2 (p<0.01, n = 138 and 63 respectively) and did not significantly further increase as shown at 6 days after emergence (n = 38).</p
Appendix F. Seasonal patterns of (a) total brood area and (b) colony size of honey bee colonies from the same study area (redrawn from Odoux et al. (2014) with one year update (2008 to 2012).
Seasonal patterns of (a) total brood area and (b) colony size of honey bee colonies from the same study area (redrawn from Odoux et al. (2014) with one year update (2008 to 2012)
Evidence for locomotor deficits after exposure to a sublethal dose (SLD<sub>48h</sub>) of a pyrethroid or a neonicotinoid but not a phenylpyrazole.
<p><b>A</b>, The average (± S.E.M) relative distance covered by young bees is significantly decreased 6±2h after exposure to either a SLD<sub>48h</sub> of cypermethrin (2.5 ng/bee), tau-fluvalinate (33 ng/bee) or tetramethrin (70 ng/bee). <b>B</b>, A significant decrease in distance is observed after exposure to a SLD<sub>48h</sub> of thiamethoxam (3.8 ng/bee) as well. <b>C</b>, The relative distance covered by bees after exposure to a SLD<sub>48h</sub> of fipronil (0.5 ng/bee) is similar to the distance covered by control bees. In the case of fipronil, whereas early deleterious effects cannot be evidenced by the locomotion assay, an increased mortality is observed five days after exposure. For cypermethrin, n = 19 control and n = 20 exposed bees respectively. For tau-fluvalinate, n = 12 control and n = 19 exposed bees respectively. For tetramethrin, n = 20 control and n = 20 exposed bees respectively. For thiamethoxam, n = 19 control and n = 19 exposed bees respectively. For fipronil, n = 19 control and n = 20 exposed bees respectively.</p
Appendix A. Study area, study design and sample sizes used in this study.
Study area, study design and sample sizes used in this study
Appendix B. The number data samples for pollen and nectar.
The number data samples for pollen and nectar
Appendix D. Annual phenological deviation estimated by cumulative temperature sum from a national French meteorological station (http://climat.meteofrance.com/) located in Niort, on the northern edge of the study area.
Annual phenological deviation estimated by cumulative temperature sum from a national French meteorological station (http://climat.meteofrance.com/) located in Niort, on the northern edge of the study area
Mean species accumulation curve for pooled data from 2011 and 2012 (1000 randomizations).
<p>Mean species accumulation curve for pooled data from 2011 and 2012 (1000 randomizations).</p
Observed and estimated species richness.
<p>*Sobs = observed species richness.</p><p>**SD = standard deviation.</p