P-values and regression coefficient of Cox regression analysis with/without gender- and age-adjustment, and data normalization for each amino acid and CRP.

<p>a-ABA, α-aminobutyric acid.</p><p>P-values and regression coefficient of Cox regression analysis with/without gender- and age-adjustment, and data normalization for each amino acid and CRP.</p

Flowchart of the patients in the study.

<p>Flowchart of the patients in the study.</p

Kaplan—Meier analysis of whole patients who have successfully followed up.

<p>Kaplan—Meier analysis of whole patients who have successfully followed up.</p

Relapse ratio for each quartile by normalized plasma histidine level at each observational term.

<p>Relapse ratio for each quartile by normalized plasma histidine level at each observational term.</p

Trends of cumulative relapse ratio for each quartile by unadjusted plasma histidine level (A), unadjusted CRP level (B), unadjusted TNF-alpha level (C), normalized histidine level (D), normalized CRP level (E), and normalized TNF-alpha level (F).

<p>Blue: 1^st quartile, purple: 2^nd quartile, pink: 3^rd quartile, red: 4^th quartile.</p

Baseline characteristics of eligible UC patients.

<p>5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acid; F, female; M, male; SASP, sulfasalazine.</p><p>Baseline characteristics of eligible UC patients.</p

MIAI for monitoring IBD patients.

<p>Monitoring of some individual patients was performed prospectively. Upper panel shows the alterations in Index (CDa/CDr) in ten patients with active CD (CDAI≥150; closed circles). Remission was defined as CDAI<150 (open circles). Lower panel shows the alterations in Index (UCa/UCr) in 12 patients with active UC (CAI≥5; closed circles). Remission was defined as CAI<5 (open circles).</p

MIAI for assessing IBD disease activity.

<p>(<b>A</b>) ROCs of the MIAI for discriminating CD and UC patients with active disease and those in remission (Index (CDa/CDr) = 16.474−3.342×[His]−5.190×[Trp]+1.857×[Tau]+2.715×[Met], ROC AUC = 0.894; Index (UCa/UCr) = 34.019−2.926×[Trp]−1.864×[Tyr]−4.777×[Val]−2.856×[Met]+4.604×[Ile], ROC AUC = 0.849). (<b>B</b>) Index (CDa/CDr) cannot discriminate between active disease and remission in UC patients. (<b>C</b>) Correlations between the MIAI and disease activity indexes. Index (CDa/CDr) is correlated with the CDAI (Index = 0.01205×[CDAI]−1.790, r_s = 0.592, p<0.001) and Index (UCa/UCr) is correlated with the CAI (Index = 0.2939×[CAI]−1.433, r_s = 0.598, p<0.001).</p

Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (r_s) for plasma amino acid concentrations.

<p>NS, not significant.</p

Patient characteristics.

<p>Plus-minus values are means±standard deviation.</p