Disease-associated acrolein: A possible diagnostic and therapeutic substrate for in vivo synthetic chemistry

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Acrolein, a highly reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, is a compound to which humans are exposed in many different situations and often causes various human diseases. This paper summarizes the reports over the past twenty-five years regarding disease-associated acrolein detected in clinical patients and the role acrolein plays in various diseases. In several diseases, it was found that the increased acrolein acts as a pathogenetic factor. Thus, we propose the utility of over-produced acrolein as a substrate for a promising therapeutic or diagnostic method applicable to a wide range of diseases based on an in vivo synthetic chemistry strategy

Amorphous dysprosium carbonate: characterization, stability, and crystallization pathways

The crystallization of amorphous dysprosium carbonate (ADC) has been studied in air (21–750 °C) and in solution (21–250 °C). This poorly ordered precursor, Dy2(CO3)3·4H2O, was synthesized in solution at ambient temperature. Its properties and crystallization pathways were studied by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and magnetic techniques. ADC consists of highly hydrated spherical nanoparticles of 10–20 nm diameter that are exceptionally stable under dry treatment at ambient and high temperatures (<550 °C). However, ADC transforms in solution to a variety of Dy-carbonates, depending on the temperature and reaction times. The transformation sequence is (a) poorly crystalline metastable tengerite-type phase, Dy2(CO3)3·2–3H2O; and (b) the orthorhombic kozoite-type phase DyCO3(OH) at 165 °C after prolonged times (15 days) or faster (12 h) at 220 °C. Both the amorphous phase and the kozoite-type phase DyCO3(OH) are paramagnetic in the range of temperatures measured from 1.8 to 300 K