Price and Quality Regulation in a Physical Network Industry

Our paper models the relationship between price and quality regulation in a physical network industry. The analysis is closely inspired by some of the major regulatory features of the current organisation of the British railways industry, even though its insights have more general implications. Our model focuses on the combination of price and quality regulation and accounts for the existence of entry costs which create a competitive advantage for the incumbents in the competitive franchise bidding. We show that the effectiveness of the quality control is nonmonotone in the quality standard set by the Regulator. Moreover, we advance that price regulation negatively affects the extent to which the service quality can be controlled. By partially subsidising the entry costs, the Regulator can intensify the competition for the market and improve the regulation of the service quality. Nevertheless, since entry costs subsidisation involves social costs (e.g., distortionary taxation), the Regulator faces a trade-off between price regulation, on the one hand, and quality regulation and entry costs subsidisation, on the other hand.

Analytical model of 1D Carbon-based Schottky-Barrier Transistors

Nanotransistors typically operate in far-from-equilibrium (FFE) conditions, that cannot be described neither by drift-diffusion, nor by purely ballistic models. In carbonbased nanotransistors, source and drain contacts are often characterized by the formation of Schottky Barriers (SBs), with strong influence on transport. Here we present a model for onedimensional field-effect transistors (FETs), taking into account on equal footing both SB contacts and FFE transport regime. Intermediate transport is introduced within the Buttiker probe approach to dissipative transport, in which a non-ballistic transistor is seen as a suitable series of individually ballistic channels. Our model permits the study of the interplay of SBs and ambipolar FFE transport, and in particular of the transition between SB-limited and dissipation-limited transport

Corruption and production: a policy analysis.

� This paper analyzes the relation existing between corruption, monitoring and output in an economy. By solving a dynamic game we prove that equilibrium output is a non-linear upper-hemicontinuous function (MP function) of the monitoring level implemented by the State on corruption, presenting 3 different equilibrium scenarios. According to our model, we analyze the optimal strategy depending on the policy objective of the State and we prove that if the State is budget constrained the optimal policy can lead the economy to an equilibrium with widespread corruption and maximum production.Policy analysis,Equilibrium production,Corruption,Dynamic game

Analytical model of nanowire FETs in a partially ballistic or dissipative transport regime

The intermediate transport regime in nanoscale transistors between the fully ballistic case and the quasi equilibrium case described by the drift-diffusion model is still an open modeling issue. Analytical approaches to the problem have been proposed, based on the introduction of a backscattering coefficient, or numerical approaches consisting in the MonteCarlo solution of the Boltzmann transport equation or in the introduction of dissipation in quantum transport descriptions. In this paper we propose a very simple analytical model to seamlessly cover the whole range of transport regimes in generic quasi-one dimensional field-effect transistors, and apply it to silicon nanowire transistors. The model is based on describing a generic transistor as a chain of ballistic nanowire transistors in series, or as the series of a ballistic transistor and a drift-diffusion transistor operating in the triode region. As an additional result, we find a relation between the mobility and the mean free path, that has deep consequences on the understanding of transport in nanoscale devices

Exchange rate policy and income distribution in an open developing economy

In this work we are going to deal with the issue of the distribution of income in an open economy within a simplified macroeconomic model with constant prices. This type of model could apply to middle-income developing countries, which have succeeded in fighting inflation through a policy of high interest rates. It will be assumed that the implicit target of monetary policy now becomes the exchange rate and interest rates are set at a high level to lower the exchange rate (defined as the price of the foreign currency in terms of the domestic one). Even if this strategy may work it may produce negative effects on output growth and the distribution of income. The lowering of the exchange rate target would have the following effects on distribution. It would cause a reduction in the growth of output, it would lower the wage rate. Domestically-produced income distributed abroad should increase instead. The domestic interest rate would rise only for suitable small values of the parameter, which links imports to income. The effect on the profit share is indeed uncertain.Exchange rate target,Administrative incentive pricing,Income distribution

Chaos in credit–constrained emerging economies with Leontief technology

This work provides a framework to analyze the role of financial development as a source of endogenous instability in emerging economies subject to moral hazard problems. We study a piecewise linear dynamic model describing a small open economy with a tradable good produced by internationally mobile capital and a country specific production factor, using Leontief technology. We demonstrate that emerging markets could be endogenously unstable when large capital in–flows increase risk and exacerbate asymmetric information problems, according to empirical evidence. Using bifurcation and stability analysis we describe the properties of the system attractors, we assess the plausibility for complex dynamics and we find out that border collision bifurcations can emerge.border collision bifurcations,,complex dynamics,,emerging economies,,CEECs,,Endogenous instability,,moral hazard,,piecewise linear map.

Exchange rate policy and income distribution in an open developing economy

In this work we are going to deal with the issue of distribution of income in an open economy within a simplified macroeconomic model with constant prices.this type of model could apply to middle-income developing countries, which have succeeded in fighting inflation through a policy of high interest rates.It will be assumed that the implicit target of monetary policy now becomes the exchange rate and interest rates are set to a high level to lower the exchange rate. Even if this strategy may work it may produce negative effects on output growth and the distribution of income.The lowering of the exchange rate target would have the following effects on distribution.It would cause a reduction in the growth of output,it would lower the wage rate.Domestically-produced income distributed abroad should increase instead.The domestic interst rate would rise only for suitable small values of the parameter which links imports to income.The effect on the profit share is indeed uncertain.exchange rate policy balance of payments income distribution developing countries

Electric-Field-control of spin rotation in bilayer graphene

The manipulation of the electron spin degree of freedom is at the core of the spintronics paradigm, which offers the perspective of reduced power consumption, enabled by the decoupling of information processing from net charge transfer. Spintronics also offers the possibility of devising hybrid devices able to perform logic, communication, and storage operations. Graphene, with its potentially long spin-coherence length, is a promising material for spin-encoded information transport. However, the small spin-orbit interaction is also a limitation for the design of conventional devices based on the canonical Datta-Das spin-FET. An alternative solution can be found in magnetic doping of graphene, or, as discussed in the present work, in exploiting the proximity effect between graphene and Ferromagnetic Oxides (FOs). Graphene in proximity to FO experiences an exchange proximity interaction (EPI), that acts as an effective Zeeman field for electrons in graphene, inducing a spin precession around the magnetization axis of the FO. Here we show that in an appropriately designed double-gate field-effect transistor, with a bilayer graphene channel and FO used as a gate dielectric, spin-precession of carriers can be turned ON and OFF with the application of a differential voltage to the gates. This feature is directly probed in the spin-resolved conductance of the bilayer