Concentrações de óleo de citronela no controle do carrapato de bovinos.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito in vivo de diferentes concentrações de óleo de citronela no controle do carrapato bovino. Foram utilizadas 20 vacas da raça Holandês, distribuídas em quatro grupos de cinco animais cada um. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelo controle negativo, amitraz a 0,025%, óleo de citronela a 3 e 4%. Para avaliação, foram contadas fêmeas ingurgitadas de carrapato antes (média dos dias -3, -2, -1) e após a aplicação dos produtos nos dias 3; 7 e 14. A média de eficácia no controle do carrapato foi de 93,8; 22,5 e 39,1% para o amitraz e óleo de citronela a 3 e 4%, respectivamente. O uso de diferentes concentrações de óleo de citronela apresenta controle parcial do carrapato

Forage mass and nutritive value of bermuda grass mixed to forage peanut or common vetch

ABSTRACT Three pasture-based systems (PS) with bermuda grass (BG) + forage peanut + 75 kg of N ha-1; BG + common vetch + 75 kg of N ha-1 and BG + 150 kg of N ha-1 were evaluated. Lactating Holstein cows were used for evaluation and the experimental design was completely randomized. Forage mass, botanical and structural composition, daily dry matter accumulation rate and stocking rate were evaluated. Samples were collected by hand-plucking method to analyze crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), (ISDMD), in situ organic matter digestibility (ISOMD) and total digestible nutrients (TDN). Average forage production and stocking rate were 13.8; 15.3 and 16.1 t ha-1 and 5.6; 6.4 and 5.5 UA ha-1 day-1 for PS respectively. Average CP and NDF were 16.4; 22.2 and 15.3%; 68.3; 65.7 and 66.3%; for ISDMD, ISOMD and TDN were 68.5; 70.3 and 66.4%; 64.3; 63.2 and 65.3%; 57.3; 58.3 and 57.5%, for PS respectively. Best results were reported on bermuda grass mixed with common vetch

forage systems mixed with forage legumes grazed by lactating cows

Current research evaluates productivity, stocking and nutritional rates of three forage systems with Elephant Grass (EG) + Italian Ryegrass (IR) + Spontaneous Growth Species (SGS), without forage legumes; EG + IR + SGS + Forage Peanut (FP), mixed with FP; and EG + IR + SGS + Red Clover (RC), mixed with RC, in rotational grazing method by lactating cows. IR developed between rows of EG. FP was maintained, whilst RC was sow to respective forage systems. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three treatments and two replication, subdivided into parcels over time. Mean rate for forage yield and average stocking rate were 10.6, 11.6 and 14.4 t ha-1; 3.0, 2.8 and 3.1 animal unit ha-1 day-1, for the respective systems. Levels of crude protein and total digestible nutrients were 17.8, 18.7 and 17.5%; 66.5, 66.8 and 64.8%, for the respective forage systems. The presence of RC results in better and higher forage yield in the mixture, whilst FP results in greater control of SGS. The inclusion of forage legumes in pasture systems provides better nutritional rates.

Forage yield and nutritive value of Elephant grass, Italian ryegrass and spontaneous growing species mixed with forage peanut or red clover

The objective of this research was to evaluate of three grazing systems (GS) with elephant grass (EG), Italian ryegrass (IR) + spontaneous growing species (SGS); EG + IR + SGS + forage peanut (FP); and EG + IR + SGS + red clover (RC), during the winter and summer periods in rotational grazing with dairy cattle. Experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments, two replicates with repeated measures. Lactating Holstein cows receiving 1% BW-daily feed supplement with concentrate were used in the evaluation. Eight grazing cycles were performed during the experimental period. The values of pre forage mass and stocking rate were 2.52, 2.60 and 2.99 t ha-1 and 2.64, 2.77 and 3.14 animal unit ha-1, respectively for GS. Samples of forage were collected by hand-plucking technique to analyze the crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in situ dry matter digestibility (ISDMD), in situ organic matter digestibility (ISOMD) of forage present between rows of elephant grass, in the rows of elephant grass and the legumes. Higher value of CP, ISOMD and lower of NDF were observed for the grazing systems mixed with legumes forage

Produção de forragem em pastagens consorciadas com diferentes leguminosas sob pastejo rotacionado - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v31i2.6238

The objective of this research was to evaluate two pasture-based systems, with elephantgrass, ryegrass, white clover or forage peanut and spontaneous growth species about the accumulation rate and of disappearance of forage mass. The elephantgrass was established in rows with a distance of 4 m between rows. In the cool season, ryegrass was planted between rows of elephantgrass; white clover was sowed,in two paddocks, and in the other two the forage peanut was preserved. The experimental design was completely randomized. In order to stipulate the accumulation rate and of disappearance of forage mass, the pre- and post-graze forage mass were evaluated. The botanical and structural composition, as well as the stocking rate were analyzed. The average rate of accumulation and disappearance of forage mass and the stocking rate were of 47.29 kg of DM ha-1 day-1; 3.24% and 3.10 UA ha-1 and of 53.16 kg of DM ha-1 day-1; 3.45% and 3.48 UA ha-1 to the systems formed by white clover and forage peanut, respectively. Considering the accumulation rate of the pasture dry matter, the disappearance of forage mass and the stocking rate, the forage system associated with forage peanut showed a better performanceO objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar dois sistemas forrageiros, constituídos por capim-elefante, azevém, trevo branco ou amendoim forrageiro e espécies de crescimento espontâneo, quanto às taxas de acúmulo e de desaparecimento de MS. Para avaliação utilizaram-se quatro piquetes, com 0,25 ha cada um, com capim-elefante estabelecido em linhas afastadas a cada 4 m. No período hibernal, entre as linhas do capim-elefante, fez-se o estabelecimento do azevém; em dois piquetes foi semeado o trevo branco e nos demais se preservou o amendoim forrageiro. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado. Para a determinação das taxas de acúmulo e de desaparecimento de MS, avaliaram-se as massas de forragem de pré e pós-pastejo. Foram avaliadas a composição botânica e estrutural da pastagem e a lotação. Na média, as taxas de acúmulo e de desaparecimento da MS e a lotação foram de 47,29 kg de MS ha-1 dia-1; 3,24% e 3,01 UA ha-1 e de 53,16 kg de MS ha-1 dia-1; 3,45% e 3,48 UA ha-1 para os sistemas constituídos por trevo branco e por amendoim forrageiro, respectivamente. Considerando-se a taxa de acúmulo de MS, a MS desaparecida e a lotação, os resultados demonstram melhores resultados para o sistema forrageiro constituído pelo amendoim forrageir

Produção de forragem em pastagens consorciadas com diferentes leguminosas sob pastejo rotacionado = Forage production in pasture-based systems mixed with different legumes under rotational grazing

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar dois sistemas forrageiros, constituídos por capim-elefante, azevém, trevo branco ou amendoim forrageiro e espécies de crescimento espontâneo, quanto às taxas de acúmulo e de desaparecimento de MS. Para avaliação utilizaram-se quatro piquetes, com 0,25 ha cada um, com capim-elefante estabelecido em linhas afastadas a cada 4 m. No período hibernal, entre as linhas do capim-elefante, fez-se o estabelecimento do azevém; em dois piquetes foi semeado o trevo branco e nos demais se preservou o amendoim forrageiro. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado. Para a determinação das taxas de acúmulo e de desaparecimento de MS, avaliaram-se as massas de forragem de pré e pós-pastejo. Foram avaliadas a composição botânica e estrutural da pastagem e a lotação. Na média, as taxas de acúmulo e dedesaparecimento da MS e a lotação foram de 47,29 kg de MS ha-1 dia-1; 3,24% e 3,01 UA ha-1 e de 53,16 kg de MS ha-1 dia-1; 3,45% e 3,48 UA ha-1 para os sistemas constituídos por trevo branco e por amendoim forrageiro, respectivamente. Considerando-se a taxa de acúmulo deMS, a MS desaparecida e a lotação, os resultados demonstram melhores resultados para o sistema forrageiro constituído pelo amendoim forrageiro.<br><br>The objective of this research was to evaluate two pasture-based systems, with elephantgrass, ryegrass, white clover or forage peanut and spontaneous growth species about the accumulation rate and of disappearance of forage mass. The elephantgrass was established in rows with a distance of 4 m between rows. In the cool season, ryegrass was planted between rows of elephantgrass; white clover wassowed,in two paddocks, and in the other two the forage peanut was preserved. The experimental design was completely randomized. In order to stipulate the accumulation rate and of disappearance of forage mass, the pre- and post-graze forage mass were evaluated.The botanical and structural composition, as well as the stocking rate were analyzed. The average rate of accumulation and disappearance of forage mass and the stocking rate were of47.29 kg of DM ha-1 day-1; 3.24% and 3.10 UA ha-1 and of 53.16 kg of DM ha-1 day-1; 3.45% and 3.48 UA ha-1 to the systems formed by white clover and forage peanut, respectively. Considering the accumulation rate of the pasture dry matter, the disappearance of foragemass and the stocking rate, the forage system associated with forage peanut showed a better performance