19 research outputs found
Weekly paclitaxel, carboplatin, cetuximab (PCC), and cetuximab, docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (C-TPF), followed by risk-based local therapy in previously untreated, locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LAHNSCC).
Timing and locations of reef fish spawning off the southeastern United States
<div><p>Managed reef fish in the Atlantic Ocean of the southeastern United States (SEUS) support a multi-billion dollar industry. There is a broad interest in locating and protecting spawning fish from harvest, to enhance productivity and reduce the potential for overfishing. We assessed spatiotemporal cues for spawning for six species from four reef fish families, using data on individual spawning condition collected by over three decades of regional fishery-independent reef fish surveys, combined with a series of predictors derived from bathymetric features. We quantified the size of spawning areas used by reef fish across many years and identified several multispecies spawning locations. We quantitatively identified cues for peak spawning and generated predictive maps for Gray Triggerfish (<i>Balistes capriscus</i>), White Grunt (<i>Haemulon plumierii</i>), Red Snapper (<i>Lutjanus campechanus</i>), Vermilion Snapper (<i>Rhomboplites aurorubens</i>), Black Sea Bass (<i>Centropristis striata</i>), and Scamp (<i>Mycteroperca phenax</i>). For example, Red Snapper peak spawning was predicted in 24.7–29.0°C water prior to the new moon at locations with high curvature in the 24–30 m depth range off northeast Florida during June and July. External validation using scientific and fishery-dependent data collections strongly supported the predictive utility of our models. We identified locations where reconfiguration or expansion of existing marine protected areas would protect spawning reef fish. We recommend increased sampling off southern Florida (south of 27° N), during winter months, and in high-relief, high current habitats to improve our understanding of timing and location of reef fish spawning off the southeastern United States.</p></div
Logistic regression model fit statistics for probability of encountering a fish within 48 hours of spawning, with percent deviance explained (i.e. percent variability explained by inclusion of additional variable); cross-validation results for Area Under the Curve (AUC), False Positive Rate (FPR) and False Negative Rate (FNR); and percentage of 500 runs where random variable inclusion in model outperformed model-selected bathymetric variable (‘Random test’).
<p>See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0172968#sec002" target="_blank">Methods</a> for additional details.</p
Fishery-independent sampling and multispecies spawning locations.
<p>On left, fishery-independent samples of female fish within 48 hours of spawning, by species. Gray shapes denote histological samples, black shapes denote collections of spawning condition females, with triangles denoting chevron traps, diamonds denoting short bottom longline, and circles denoting long bottom longline. On right, sites where females of multiple species have been captured in spawning location at the same time (labeled by collection year). Green boxes denote no-take marine protected areas. Basemap courtesy ESRI and National Park Service.</p
Summary statistics for water depth (m), salinity (ppt), and temperature (°C) during SERFS observations of spawning condition females.
<p>Summary statistics for water depth (m), salinity (ppt), and temperature (°C) during SERFS observations of spawning condition females.</p
External validation of spawning predictions.
<p>Boxplots of model-predicted Z-score standardized probabilities of collecting a spawning female underlying locations where spawning females were collected by Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC; Lowerre-Barbieri et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0172968#pone.0172968.ref039" target="_blank">39</a>]), LGL Ecological Research Associates ([<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0172968#pone.0172968.ref067" target="_blank">67</a>]), MARMAP Fishery Dependent Sampling (MMFD), and anecdotal reports from fishers (‘Tishler’) collected by Tishler-Meadows [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0172968#pone.0172968.ref066" target="_blank">66</a>]. Z-Scores above zero were interpreted as providing support for model predictions. Inset numbers denote sample sizes.</p
Probability of encountering a spawning condition female Vermilion Snapper.
<p>Predicted mean (left) and standard error (right) probabilities of observing spawning condition female Vermilion Snapper at time and conditions of peak spawning, relative to external validation observations (+). Raster color-coding based on 2.5 standard deviations from the mean. Green boxes denote no-take marine protected areas and SMZs. Basemap courtesy ESRI Ocean Basemap and partners.</p
Number of gear deployments with multispecies observations of spawning females from SERFS.
<p>Number of gear deployments with multispecies observations of spawning females from SERFS.</p
Spawning condition females and valid sets by month.
<p>Percentage of SERFS samples of females within 48 hours of spawning (<i>left</i>) and number of sets (<i>right</i>) where a histological sample was taken, by species and sampling month.</p
Summary statistics (mean ± standard deviation) for apparent use of multi-year spawning locations.
<p>Multi-year spawning location size computed as minimum convex polygon containing all collections within a site.</p