3,717 research outputs found
Dynamical crystal creation with polar molecules or Rydberg atoms in optical lattices
We investigate the dynamical formation of crystalline states with systems of polar molecules or Rydberg atoms loaded into a deep optical lattice. External fields in these systems can be used to couple the atoms or molecules between two internal states: one that is weakly interacting and one that exhibits a strong dipole-dipole interaction. By appropriate time variation of the external fields we show that it is possible to produce crystalline states of the strongly interacting states with high filling fractions chosen via the parameters of the coupling.We study the coherent dynamics of this process in one dimension (1D) using a modified form of the time-evolving block decimation (TEBD) algorithm, and obtain crystalline states for system sizes and parameters corresponding to realistic experimental configurations. For polar molecules these crystalline states will be long-lived, assisting in a characterization of the state via the measurement of correlation functions. We also show that as the coupling strength increases in the model, the crystalline order is broken. This is characterized in 1D by a change in density-density correlation functions, which decay to a constant in the crystalline regime, but show different regions of exponential and algebraic decay for larger coupling strengths
Strongly correlated gases of Rydberg-dressed atoms: quantum and classical dynamics
We discuss techniques to generate long-range interactions in a gas of
groundstate alkali atoms, by weakly admixing excited Rydberg states with laser
light. This provides a tool to engineer strongly correlated phases with reduced
decoherence from inelastic collisions and spontaneous emission. As an
illustration, we discuss the quantum phases of dressed atoms with dipole-dipole
interactions confined in a harmonic potential, as relevant to experiments. We
show that residual spontaneous emission from the Rydberg state acts as a
heating mechanism, leading to a quantum-classical crossover.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Ground state cooling of atoms in optical lattices
We propose two schemes for cooling bosonic and fermionic atoms that are
trapped in a deep optical lattice. The first scheme is a quantum algorithm
based on particle number filtering and state dependent lattice shifts. The
second protocol alternates filtering with a redistribution of particles by
means of quantum tunnelling. We provide a complete theoretical analysis of both
schemes and characterize the cooling efficiency in terms of the entropy. Our
schemes do not require addressing of single lattice sites and use a novel
method, which is based on coherent laser control, to perform very fast
filtering.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure
Designing spin-1 lattice models using polar molecules
We describe how to design a large class of always on spin-1 interactions
between polar molecules trapped in an optical lattice. The spin degrees of
freedom correspond to the hyperfine levels of a ro-vibrational ground state
molecule. Interactions are induced using a microwave field to mix ground states
in one hyperfine manifold with the spin entangled dipole-dipole coupled excited
states. Using multiple fields anistropic models in one, two, or three
dimensions, can be built with tunable spatial range. An illustrative example in
one dimension is the generalized Haldane model, which at a specific parameter
has a gapped valence bond solid ground state. The interaction strengths are
large compared to decoherence rates and should allow for probing the rich phase
structure of strongly correlated systems, including dimerized and gapped
phases.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figure
Application of Encapsulation Technology: In Vitro Screening of Two Ficus carica L. Genotypes under Different NaCl Concentrations
Salinity stress represents an increasing issue for agriculture and has a great negative impact on plant growth and crop production. The selection of genotypes able to tolerate salt stress could be a suitable solution to overcome the problem. In this context, in vitro cultures can represent a tool for identifying the NaCl tolerant genotypes and quickly producing large populations of them. The possibility of exerting selection for tolerance to NaCl by using encapsulation technology was investigated in two genotypes of fig: 'Houmairi' and 'Palazzo'. The effects of five concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) added to the artificial endosperm were tested on the conversion of synthetic seeds and on the growth of derived shoots/plantlets. Moreover, proline (Pro) and malondialdehyde (MDA), the enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and EL (Electrolytic Leakage), as well as the chlorophyll content, flavanols, anthocyanins, and Nitrogen Balance Index (NBI) were determined on shoots/plantlet. The obtained results clearly showed that 'Houmairi' and 'Palazzo' could tolerate salt stress, although a strong difference was found depending on each specific physiological pathway. Indeed, 'Houmairi' was revealed to be more tolerant than 'Palazzo', with different response mechanisms to salt stress. The use of encapsulated vitro-derived explants proved to be a useful method to validate the selection of genotypes tolerant to salinity stress. Further investigation in the field must validate and confirm the legitimacy of the approach
Versatile hydrogels: An efficient way to clean paper artworks
In this work we present innovative materials able to remove in a single, simple and not invasive treatment, different contaminants like starch paste from paper artworks. The materials, based on biocompatible hydrogels, overcome many of the problems usually faced by restorers during the cleaning of paper sample
Artefacts and <A2> power corrections : revisiting the MOM Z_psi and Z_V
We extract the power corrections due to the A^2 condensate in the overlap
quark propagator (vector part of the inverse propagator Z_psi). The results are
consistent with the previous gluon analysis. The role of artefacts is
extensively discussed.Comment: 33 pages, 5 figure
Intrinsic defects and their influence on the chemical and optical properties of TiO2x films
International audienceIn this work, TiO2 films produced by rf sputtering of a TiO2 target in argon and argon–oxygen plasmas were studied. The oxygen content in the feed gas was varied in a range 3–20%. The chemical composition and structure of films were characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray diffraction. Important information about the intrinsic defects of the films and their effects on the optical properties as well as a scheme of the energy band structure of the films could be derived from a combined use of optical spectroscopy and XPS
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