174 research outputs found
Children and Coronavirus Infection (Covid-19): What to Tell Children to Avoid Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a condition that
can develop in subjects who have been or have witnessed a
traumatic, catastrophic or violent event, or who have become
aware of a traumatic experience that happened to a loved one.
Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) usually begins immediately
after the traumatic event and lasts from three days to a month,
while Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) may be the
continuation of an acute stress disorder and it may happen that
it does not develop until 6 months after the event itself.
Generally most people overcome the shock that a blatant event
can cause without the need for additional support. In a
percentage of cases, the victim's suffering can be prolonged for
more than a month after exposure to trauma and significantly
interfere with the individual's working, social or school life; in
this case the diagnosis of PTSD must be made
New Advances in Neuropsychiatric Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence
Neurological and psychiatric disorders during developmental ages affect an increasing share of the pediatric population, both due to the increased understanding and attention paid to these issues and due to increased risk factors [...]
The child with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDS): Behavioral and neurobiological aspects
Introduction: The Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) have onset in the first years of life and are characterized clinically by qualitative impairments in social interaction, communication and a restricted repertoire, stereotyped and repetitive interests and activities. Currently there is a medical consensus on the causes of autism: they should not be psychosocial but should be based in biology, especially in the central nervous system abnormalities caused by both inherited and environmental causes. The aim of this study was to study a sample of subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) with a wide protocol, including neurophysiological and radiological investigations as well as laboratory investigations in order to investigate the neurobiologic basis of the syndrome. Methods: The patients group included 34 subjects diagnosed as having ASDs. All were examined with a protocol of investigations (brain MRI; EEG; VEP, ABR; karyotype; evaluation of brain metabolites; antibodies against neurotrophic agents). In order to evaluate and identify the presence and intensity of autistic symptoms have been used the CARS (Childhood Autism Rating Scale) and ADOS (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) tools. Results and Conclusion. Ninety percent of the subjects had at least one parameter neurobiological disease, the fifty-nine percent have a specific genetic syndrome. This study highlights the different noxae involved in the etiopathogenesis of AD and the percentage that every biological factor has in the development of the autistic phenotype. This study confirms the hypothesis that autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a severe neuropsychiatric diseases with strong genetic basis
Autism spectrum disorder in Kabuki syndrome: clinical, diagnostic and rehabilitative aspects assessed through the presentation of three cases
Kabuki syndrome (KS) (Kabuki make-up syndrome, Niikawa-Kuroki syndrome) is a rare genetic disorder first diagnosed in 1981.
Kabuki make-up syndrome (KMS) is a multiple malformation/intellectual disability syndrome that was first described in Japan but is now reported in many other ethnic groups.
KMS is characterized by multiple congenital abnormalities: craniofacial, skeletal, and dermatoglyphic abnormalities; intellectual disability; and short stature. Other findings may include: congenital heart defects, genitourinary
anomalies, cleft lip and/or palate, gastrointestinal anomalies including anal
atresia, ptosis and strabismus, and widely spaced teeth and hypodontia. The KS is associated with mutations in the MLL2 gene in some cases were also observed deletions of KDM6A. This study describes three children
with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and KS and rehabilitative intervention that must be implemented
Behavioral phenotype and autism spectrum disorders in Cornelia de Lange syndrome
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a congenital disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, growth retardation, limb abnormalities, intellectual disability, and behavioral problems. Cornelia de Lange syndrome is associated with abnormalities on chromosomes 5, 10 and X. Heterozygous point mutations in three genes (NIPBL, SMC3 and SMC1A), are responsible for approximately 50-60% of CdLS cases. CdLS is characterized by autistic features, notably excessive repetitive behaviors and expressive language deficits. The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptomatology is comparatively high in CdLS. However, the profile and developmental trajectories of these ASD characteristics are potentially different to those observed in individuals with idiopathic ASD. A significantly higher prevalence of self-injury are evident in CdLS. Selfinjury was associated with repetitive and impulsive behavior. This study describes the behavioral phenotype of four children with Cornelia de Lange syndrome and ASDs and rehabilitative intervention that must be implemented
Use and Abuse of Digital Devices: Influencing Factors of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychology
The impact of technology on human life is significant, touching various aspects such as communication, economy, education, medicine, industry, and even ecosystems [...]
Memory performances and personality traits in mothers of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Background: Chronic diseases in pediatric age have been identified as stressful risk factors
for parents. Studies on caregivers have documented the impact of chronic parenting stress on
emotion and cognition.
Aim: To investigate the differences between a group of mothers of children affected by
obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) for at least 4 years and a group of mothers of
typically developing children (TDC) in relation to parental stress, self-esteem, locus of
control, and memory performances.
Methods: A group of 86 mothers (mean age 35.6±4.9, ranged between 32 and 41 years) of
children with OSAS diagnosis, and a group of 52 mothers of TDC (mean age 35.9±4.2,
ranged between 32 and 41 years) participated in the study. All participants were administered
stress level, global self-esteem, internal/external locus of control scales, and memory
assessment.
Results: Mothers of OSAS children, compared to mothers of TDC, had a significantly
higher level of stress, lower self-esteem, more external locus of control and poorer memory
performance.
Conclusions: The child respiratory disease, with its sudden and unpredictable features,
appeared as a significant source of stress for the mother. Such stress condition may have an
impact on mothers’ personality traits (self-esteem, locus of control) and on their memory
performances. The data have suggested a need for psychological support programs for
mothers to better manage stress associated with children’s respiratory disease
L'alessitimia come disturbo della regolazione affettiva
Alexithymia is a theoretical construct concerning
the ability to contact our feelings
and the ability to describe them in words. It
is very useful in clinical experience and also
in empirical research for its operationalization
and applicability possibility. After more
than 40 years from its original definition,
with clinical observation of patients defined
“psychosomatics” according a classic definition,
alexithymia has become one of the most
investigated disease in the last decades. This
paper aims to explore etiopathogenetic hypotheses
and contemporaneous prospective
within which it is possible to understand the
relevance of the construct both in clinical experience
and in empirical research. Furthermore,
the paper examines alexithymia assessment
methods to provide a complete and
updated description of tools now available
for clinical research. We also wish to underline
the fundamental limit in a detailed study
on alexithymia: the absence of psychometric
tools to assess the disease in developmental
age. This limit is related to the difficulty of
building research tools able to understand
the developmental movement in emotional
processing capacity during childhood. However,
there are recent preliminary studies on
children/teens and preteens which pave the
way for research in this direction
Noli Me Tangere: Social Touch, Tactile Defensiveness, and Communication in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Abstract: Tactile defensiveness is a common feature in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Since the first studies, tactile defensiveness has been described as the result of an abnormal response to sensory stimulation. Moreover, it has been studied how the tactile system is closely linked to socio-communicative development and how the interoceptive sensory system supports both a discriminating touch and an aective touch. Therefore, several neurophysiological studies have been conducted to investigate the neurobiological basis of the development and functioning of the tactile system for a better understanding of the tactile defensiveness behavior and the social touch of NDDs. Given the lack of recent literature on tactile defensiveness, the current study provides a brief overview of the original contributions on this research topic in children with NDDs focusing attention on how this behavior has been considered over the years in the clinical setting
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