Determinants of Advertising Effectiveness: The Development of an International Advertising Elasticity Database and a Meta-Analysis

Increasing demand for marketing accountability requires an efficient allocation of marketing expenditures. Managers who know the elasticity of their marketing instruments can allocate their budgets optimally. Meta-analyses offer a basis for deriving benchmark elasticities for advertising. Although they provide a variety of valuable insights, a major shortcoming of prior meta-analyses is that they report only generalized results as the disaggregated raw data are not made available. This problem is highly relevant because coding of empirical studies, at least to a certain extent, involves subjective judgment. For this reason, meta-studies would be more valuable if researchers and practitioners had access to disaggregated data allowing them to conduct further analyses of individual, e.g., product-level-specific, interests. We are the first to address this gap by providing (1) an advertising elasticity database (AED) and (2) empirical generalizations about advertising elasticities and their determinants. Our findings indicate that the average current-period advertising elasticity is 0.09, which is substantially smaller than the value 0f 0.12 that was recently reported by Sethuraman, Tellis, and Briesch (2011). Furthermore, our meta-analysis reveals a wide range of significant determinants of advertising elasticity. For example, we find that advertising elasticities are higher (i) for hedonic and experience goods than for other goods; (ii) for new than for established goods; (iii) when advertising is measured in gross rating points (GRP) instead of absolute terms; and (iv) when the lagged dependent or lagged advertising variable is omitted.advertising effectiveness, advertising elasticity, advertising elasticity database, meta-analysis, empirical marketing generalizations

Institutional Variables, Collegial Relationships, and Occupational Satisfaction: Testing the Conceptual Framework of Faculty Job Satisfaction Among Counselor Educators

Occupational satisfaction is the extent to which individuals are fulfilled by their employment. The Conceptual Framework of Faculty Job Satisfaction (Hagedorn, 2000) describes how aspects of work impact occupational satisfaction, yet researchers have not previously used this model with counselor educators. This study investigated the applicability of the model, as well as the impact of institutional and interpersonal variables, on a sample of 296 counselor educators (26.86% response rate). Findings suggested the model predicted over half of the variance in occupational satisfaction. Significant predictors of satisfaction included work itself, responsibility, recognition, salary, collegial relationships, administration, and climate. Counselor educator occupational satisfaction was also predicted by relational variables, including involvement in a mentoring relationship, satisfaction with colleagues, and satisfaction with the department chair. Individuals involved in a mentoring relationship reported a more positive departmental climate and greater scholarship engagement than peers without a mentor or mentee. Findings suggested no difference in occupational satisfaction based on CACREP accreditation status or union status and a slight difference based on teaching method. Implications for future training and research are discussed

Enhancing Social Justice and Multicultural Counseling Competence through Cultural Immersion: A Guide for Faculty

Cultural immersion experiences can have a lifelong impact on counseling students’ development and identity. The authors describe the connection between cultural immersion experiences and multicultural competence. The authors also offer their professional experiences with international cultural immersion, provide a framework for counselor educators to create these experiences for counseling students, and include practical examples of how to intentionally structure each component of the trip to enhance student growth and development

Méthode multi-échelle pour la modélisation du flambage des tôles minces sous contraintes résiduelles - Application au laminage

National audienceDans le laminage à froid, l'apparition d'une distribution hétérogène de contraintes résiduelles peut engendrer le flambage de la tôle laminée, entraînant un " défaut de planéité ". L'objectif est de définir un modèle macroscopique simple décrivant les modes et amplitudes de flambage d'une tôle sous l'effet des contraintes résiduelles issues du laminage. Le présent article présente une nouvelle méthode bi-échelle [1,2] comme une alternative du modèle de flambage développé dans [10-13]. Elle utilise un développement en séries de Fourier, pour résoudre les équations de Von Karman (flambage des tôles minces). Couplé avec le modèle de laminage Lam3/Tec3, cette technique a le potentiel de détecter la charge critique et le mode de flambage, puis de décrire l'état post-flambé de la tôle (amplitude des défauts, redistribution des contraintes)

Neutrino Mass Implications for Muon Decay Parameters

We use the scale of neutrino mass to derive model-independent naturalness constraints on possible contributions to muon decay Michel parameters from new physics above the electroweak symmetry-breaking scale. Focusing on Dirac neutrinos, we obtain a complete basis of effective dimension four and dimension six operators that are invariant under the gauge symmetry of the Standard Model and that contribute to both muon decay and neutrino mass. We show that -- in the absence of fine tuning -- the most stringent bounds on chirality-changing operators relevant to muon decay arise from one-loop contributions to neutrino mass. The bounds we obtain on their contributions to the Michel parameters are four or more orders of magnitude stronger than bounds previously obtained in the literature. We also show that there exist chirality-changing operators that contribute to muon decay but whose flavor structure allows them to evade neutrino mass naturalness bounds. We discuss the implications of our analysis for the interpretation of muon decay experiments.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure

Using PTE Academic to predict achievement and measure proficiency gains in an intensive EAP foundation programme

This study evaluates how well the Pearson Test of English – Academic (PTE-A) predicts students’ performance in a pre-university EAP programme, how much progress students make on the EAP programme in terms of PTE-A scores, and what individual differences influence their performance. PTE-A is shown to be a relatively good predictor of student performance, with overall correlations of rs = .58 between pre-programme PTE-A scores and performance in end-of-programme assessments. This predictive relationship was shown to be relatively constant across a wide range of student variables. Over the ten-week programme, students improved their PTE-A scores by between 2.5 (for speaking) and 5.5 (for reading) points. This is in line with findings from previous studies which have measured gains in terms of IELTS bands. Important variables influencing gain scores were the age at which students had started learning English (late starters improved the most), the amount of extra-curricular reading done during the programme and attitudes towards the PTE-A test

Multiphase and multiscale approaches for modelling the injection of textured moulds

International audienceMicro-injection moulding is frequently used for the mass production of devices in micro-medical technologies, micro-optics and micro-mechanics. This work focuses mainly on offering numerical tools to model the injection of micro-textured moulds. Such tools can predict the different filling scenarios of the micro-details and consequently offer optimal operating conditions (mould and melt temperatures, melt flow, stresses, etc.) to analyse the final part quality. To do so, a full Eulerian approach is used to model the injection of textured moulds at both the macroscopic and microscopic scales as usual industrial software cannot handle the filling of micro details. Since heat transfers with the mould are very relevant due to high cooling rates, the coupling between micro-and macro-simulations is primordial to insure a complete and accurate representation of textured mould injection