52 research outputs found
Stable Isotope Composition of Fatty Acids in Organisms of Different Trophic Levels in the Yenisei River
We studied four-link food chain, periphytic microalgae and water moss (producers), trichopteran larvae (consumers I), gammarids (omnivorous β consumers II) and Siberian grayling (consumers III) at a littoral site of the Yenisei River on the basis of three years monthly sampling. Analysis of bulk carbon stable isotopes and compound specific isotope analysis of fatty acids (FA) were done. As found, there was a gradual depletion in 13C contents of fatty acids, including essential FA upward the food chain. In all the trophic levels a parabolic dependence of Ξ΄13C values of fatty acids on their degree of unsaturation/chain length occurred, with 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 in its lowest point. The pattern in the Ξ΄13C differences between individual fatty acids was quite similar to that reported in literature for marine pelagic food webs. Hypotheses on isotope fractionation were suggested to explain the findings
Fatty Acid Content and Composition of Fly Larvae Lucilia sericata (Family Calliphoridae) Grown on Diets with Different Content of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Amino Acid Composition of this Species
ΠΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ° β Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ
ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ
ΡΡΠ±Ρ, ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ
ΡΡΠ±Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ±,
ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ (ΠΠ) ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ.
Π ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°β3, Π° Π² Π½Π°Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΡ
β ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°β6. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°
Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°β3 ΠΠΠΠ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ.
Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π² Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈ
Lucilia sericata, Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π°,
Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°-Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ (ΠΠΠ, 18:3nβ3), ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² (ΠΠ) Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΌΡΡ
. ΠΠ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΡΡ
, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π° Diptera, Π±ΡΠ» Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊ ΠΠ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ ΡΡΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°β3 / ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°β6 ΠΠΠΠ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
18:1nβ9 ΠΈ 18:2nβ6 β ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ 40 % Π΄ΠΎ 60 % ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ
ΠΠ. ΠΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°β3 / ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°β6 ΠΠΠΠ Ρ 0,11
Π΄ΠΎ 0,46, Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π° ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΠ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²
Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ L. sericata ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉAquaculture is a fast-growing branch of agriculture, but it faces fish feed shortages due to a decrease in wild fish catches. As a result, the price of feed increases. For further development it requires alternative feed sources. Insects are considered a suitable protein source for fish, but their fatty acid (FA) composition often does not meet the requirements of aquaculture. In fish oil, PUFAs are dominated by the omegaβ3 family, and in terrestrial insects, by the omegaβ6 family. A question arises whether insect larvae lipid composition can be modified to increase the content of omegaβ3 PUFAs. For this purpose, Lucilia sericata larvae were grown on standard feed and feed with addition of camelina oil rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3nβ3), and their FA content and composition were compared. To evaluate the quality of these larvae protein, their amino acid (AA) composition was determined. The FA analysis was performed on a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass-spectrometer detector. The AA analysis was performed on a liquid chromatograph. The AA composition of the examined fly larvae, similarly to other insects (Diptera), was close to the AA composition of fish meal. Fatty acid composition and content of fly larvae grown on standard food was characterized by a low ratio
of omegaβ3/omegaβ6 PUFAs and by the dominance of 18:1nβ9 and 18:2nβ6 fatty acids, which together
comprised 40β60 % of the total of FAs. The addition of camelina oil changed the ratio of omegaβ3/
omegaβ6 PUFAs from 0.11 to 0.46, mainly due to the increase in ALA content. Thus, FA content and
composition of L. sericata larvae can be significantly modified by a die
Stable Isotope Analyses in Aquatic Ecology (a review)
Theory and practice of analyses of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen for food trophic studies in
aquatic ecology are regarded basing on literature, published primarily in the last decade. Methods
of measuring of the stable isotope ratios, Ξ΄13C and Ξ΄15N, are described including those of compound
specific isotope analyses. Differences in isotopic signatures between terrestrial and aquatic organisms
as well as between taxa and life forms and habitats are generalized. Trophic fractionation of 15N as the
basis of quantitative estimation of trophic positions of organisms is described. Environmental factors
affecting values of isotope ratios and limitations of the stable isotope method are discussed. Novel
conceptions of aquatic ecology, developed on the basis of the stable isotope analyses are listed. As
concluded, the stable isotopes are becoming a standard analytical tool in food web ecology. Careful
use must be made of this tool, however.ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ
ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ², Ξ΄13C ΠΈ
Ξ΄15N, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ². ΠΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π°Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
15N ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ². Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ². Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½
Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Fatty Acids: Essential Nutrients and Important Biomarkers
Fatty acids (FA) are well-known, important components of human nutrition [...
Essential Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and their Dietary Sources for Man
Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ (ΠΠΠΠ). ΠΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΠΠΠ Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠΠ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠΠ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ΅, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ Π² ΡΡΠ±Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΠΠΠ Π² Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ
Π΅Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ.Composition and structure of molecules of fatty acids are regarded, including those of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Role of PUFA in human organism as the precursors of various endohormones is described. A review is done of results of many years clinical and epidemiological studies of PUFA effects on humans. An importance of balanced PUFA diet to prevent cardiovascular disease is considered. Data on PUFA contents in fish as the main source of these biochemicals for humans are generalized. A probable role of sea food in humansβ evolution is discussed. Aquatic ecosystems are characterized as the main producers of long-chain PUFA in Biosphere. Principal ways of sustaining of high PUFA production in aquatic ecosystems are regarded. Quantitative data on optimal portions of fish to consume and on ways of it culinary treatments are given
Essential Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and their Dietary Sources for Man
Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ (ΠΠΠΠ). ΠΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΠΠΠ Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠΠ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠΠ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠ΅, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ Π² ΡΡΠ±Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΠΠΠ Π² Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ±Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ
Π΅Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ.Composition and structure of molecules of fatty acids are regarded, including those of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Role of PUFA in human organism as the precursors of various endohormones is described. A review is done of results of many years clinical and epidemiological studies of PUFA effects on humans. An importance of balanced PUFA diet to prevent cardiovascular disease is considered. Data on PUFA contents in fish as the main source of these biochemicals for humans are generalized. A probable role of sea food in humansβ evolution is discussed. Aquatic ecosystems are characterized as the main producers of long-chain PUFA in Biosphere. Principal ways of sustaining of high PUFA production in aquatic ecosystems are regarded. Quantitative data on optimal portions of fish to consume and on ways of it culinary treatments are given
Stable Isotope Analyses in Aquatic Ecology (a review)
Theory and practice of analyses of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen for food trophic studies in
aquatic ecology are regarded basing on literature, published primarily in the last decade. Methods
of measuring of the stable isotope ratios, Ξ΄13C and Ξ΄15N, are described including those of compound
specific isotope analyses. Differences in isotopic signatures between terrestrial and aquatic organisms
as well as between taxa and life forms and habitats are generalized. Trophic fractionation of 15N as the
basis of quantitative estimation of trophic positions of organisms is described. Environmental factors
affecting values of isotope ratios and limitations of the stable isotope method are discussed. Novel
conceptions of aquatic ecology, developed on the basis of the stable isotope analyses are listed. As
concluded, the stable isotopes are becoming a standard analytical tool in food web ecology. Careful
use must be made of this tool, however.ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ
ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ², Ξ΄13C ΠΈ
Ξ΄15N, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ². ΠΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π°Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
15N ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ². Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ². Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½
Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Theoretical Analysis of the Potential of Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix in the Control of Water Blooming by Different Species of Cyanobacteria
Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠ°
(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Β«ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ
ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π°Π±ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ
Anabaena flos-aquae ΠΈ Microcystis aeruginosa. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ± Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Anabaena flos-aquae. Β«Π¦Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅
Microcystis aeruginosa, Π½Π°ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Microcystis aeruginosa Π½Π° Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ
Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΡΡΠ±.Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ,
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ
ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Β«ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉΒ».The possibility to use silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in the control of water blooming by
cyanobacteria is theoretically analyzed. To attain this goal the dynamic model has been developed,
describing communities of two species of cyanobacteria: Anabaena flos-aquae and Microcystis
aeruginosa, taking into account direct influence of silver carp on cyanobacteria growth - stimulation of
cyanobacteria growth rate and cyanobacteria digestion in fish gut. The calculation results have shown
that silver carp influences oppositely the formation of blooming by cyanobacteria species simulated.
Reservoir stocking with silver carp inhibits the development of Anabaena flos-aquae species. The
development of Microcystis aeruginosa is not constrained by silver carp. Forming blooming outbreaks
by this species is possible even with increasing stocking. One of the possible reasons may be the fact
that the Microcystis aeruginosa growth is stimulated after passing through fish gut. Therefore, when
planning biomanipulations using silver carp it is necessary to take into consideration the relationship
between fish and the different species of cyanobacteria. The success of such manipulations depends on
what species of cyanobacteria are dominant in the ecosystem in the blooming period
ΠΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
The review reports studies of PHA biodegradation behavior in natural freshwater and marine
environments. The factors determining polymer degradation rates in water basin include the temperature
and the mineral component of the water, the structure of the aquatic ecosystem and bacterioplankton
composition. Anaerobic degradation occurs at slower rates as compared with aerobic process. One of
the factors limiting PHA degradation rates is deficiency of dissolved mineral phosphorus, which hinders
the development of microbial components of the ecosystem. Differences in biodegradation patterns
of PHA specimens are accounted for by different structures and surface areas of specimens, which
influence the adhesion of microorganisms. Bacteria are main PHA destructors in water ecosystems as
opposed to soil environments where micromycetes are most significant degradersΠ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²
(ΠΠΠ) Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
. Π€Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ,
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½ Π°Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ², Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΠ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
, Π² ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ
- β¦