ItemsCzech – Supplemental material for Acoustic Correlates of Focus Marking in Czech and Polish

<p>Supplemental material, ItemsCzech for Acoustic Correlates of Focus Marking in Czech and Polish by Fatima Hamlaoui, Marzena Żygis, Jonas Engelmann and Michael Wagner in Language and Speech</p

ItemsPolish – Supplemental material for Acoustic Correlates of Focus Marking in Czech and Polish

<p>Supplemental material, ItemsPolish for Acoustic Correlates of Focus Marking in Czech and Polish by Fatima Hamlaoui, Marzena Żygis, Jonas Engelmann and Michael Wagner in Language and Speech</p

Appendix – Supplemental material for Acoustic Correlates of Focus Marking in Czech and Polish

<p>Supplemental material, Appendix for Acoustic Correlates of Focus Marking in Czech and Polish by Fatima Hamlaoui, Marzena Żygis, Jonas Engelmann and Michael Wagner in Language and Speech</p

Supplementary information from <i>In vivo</i> imaging of coral tissue and skeleton with optical coherence tomography

This file contains supplementary methods, figures and links to OCT video animations

Water quality and daily temperature cycle affect biofilm formation in drip irrigation devices revealed by optical coherence tomography

<p>Drip irrigation is a water-saving technology. To date, little is known about how biofilm forms in drippers of irrigation systems. In this study, the internal dripper geometry was recreated in 3-D printed microfluidic devices (MFDs). To mimic the temperature conditions in (semi-) arid areas, experiments were conducted in a temperature controlled box between 20 and 50°C. MFDs were either fed with two different treated wastewater (TWW) or synthetic wastewater. Biofilm formation was monitored non-invasively and <i>in situ</i> by optical coherence tomography (OCT). 3-D OCT datasets reveal the major fouling position and illustrate that biofilm development was influenced by fluid dynamics. Biofilm volumetric coverage of the labyrinth up to 60% did not reduce the discharge rate, whereas a further increase to 80% reduced the discharge rate by 50%. Moreover, the biofilm formation rate was significantly inhibited in daily temperature cycle independent of the cultivation medium used.</p

Mid-Infrared Photothermal–Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for Functional Analysis and Genetic Identification of Single Cells

Simultaneous identification and metabolic analysis of microbes with single-cell resolution and high throughput are necessary to answer the question of “who eats what, when, and where” in complex microbial communities. Here, we present a mid-infrared photothermal–fluorescence in situ hybridization (MIP–FISH) platform that enables direct bridging of genotype and phenotype. Through multiple improvements of MIP imaging, the sensitive detection of isotopically labeled compounds incorporated into proteins of individual bacterial cells became possible, while simultaneous detection of FISH labeling with rRNA-targeted probes enabled the identification of the analyzed cells. In proof-of-concept experiments, we showed that the clear spectral red shift in the protein amide I region due to incorporation of 13C atoms originating from 13C-labeled glucose can be exploited by MIP–FISH to discriminate and identify 13C-labeled bacterial cells within a complex human gut microbiome sample. The presented methods open new opportunities for single-cell structure–function analyses for microbiology

Cyclic Dinuclear Organotin Cations Stabilized by Bulky Substituents

The syntheses of sterically congested 2,2-bis­(diorganochloridostannyl)­propane, Me₂C­(SnClR₂)₂ (<b>1</b>; R = CH­(SiMe₃)₂), the related salts [cyclo-{Me₂C­(SnR₂)₂X}­B­(Ar^F)₄] (<b>2</b>, X = Cl; <b>3</b>, X = OAc; <b>4</b>, X = OH; Ar^F = 3,5-(CF₃)₂C₆H₃), and the four-membered-ring cyclo-{Me₂C­(SnR₂)₂O} (<b>5</b>) are reported. The compounds have been characterized by elemental and EDX analyses, ¹H, ¹¹B, ¹³C, ¹⁹F, ²⁹Si, and ¹¹⁹Sn NMR and IR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis

Asymmetric Flow Field-Flow Fractionation in the Field of Nanomedicine

Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) is a widely used and versatile technique in the family of field-flow fractionations, indicated by a rapidly increasing number of publications. It represents a gentle separation and characterization method, where nonspecific interactions are reduced to a minimum, allows a broad separation range from several nano- up to micrometers and enables a superior characterization of homo- and heterogenic systems. In particular, coupling to multiangle light scattering provides detailed access to sample properties. Information about molar mass, polydispersity, size, shape/conformation, or density can be obtained nearly independent of the used material. In this Perspective, the application and progress of AF4 for (bio)­macromolecules and colloids, relevant for “nano” medical and pharmaceutical issues, will be presented. The characterization of different nanosized drug or gene delivery systems, e.g., polymers, nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers, liposomes, polyplexes, and virus-like-particles (VLP), as well as therapeutic relevant proteins, antibodies, and nanoparticles for diagnostic usage will be discussed. Thereby, the variety of obtained information, the advantages and pitfalls of this emerging technique will be highlighted. Additionally, the influence of different fractionation parameters in the separation process is discussed in detail. Moreover, a comprehensive overview is given, concerning the investigated samples, fractionation parameters as membrane types and buffers used as well as the chosen detectors and the corresponding references. The perspective ends up with an outlook to the future

Fraction of probes above an arbitrarily defined threshold of 1750 fluorescence units.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Probes designed to have a melting point of 18–22% formamide and hybridized at 0% (red), 15% (green), and 20% (blue) formamide. Left panel, <i>E. coli</i> probes hybridized with 5 ng <i>E. coli</i> target (PM data) and 50 ng <i>R. sphaeroides</i> non-target (MM data); right panel, <i>R. sphaeroides</i> probes hybridized with 50 ng <i>R. sphaeroides</i> target (PM) and 5 ng <i>E. coli</i> non-target (MM). (<b>B</b>) The predictive power of hybridization efficiency for <i>E. coli</i> probes hybridized with 50 ng <i>R. sphaeroides</i> (dashed lines) and <i>R. sphareoides</i> probes hybridized with 5 ng <i>E.coli</i> (solid lines) for all mismatches (red), 1–2 mismatches (green), and 3–5 mismatches (blue). Data from formamide concentrations 10, 15, 20, and 25% were combined to maximize the sample space for each data point. x-axis shows midpoints of bins with a hybridization efficiency window of 0.1, except for end bins (window of 0.05).</p

Cxcr2 signaling and the microbiome suppress inflammation, bile duct injury, and the phenotype of experimental biliary atresia

<div><p>Biliary atresia is progressive fibro-inflammatory cholangiopathy of young children. Central to pathogenic mechanisms of injury is the tissue targeting by the innate and adaptive immune cells. Among these cells, neutrophils and the IL-8/Cxcl-8 signaling via its Cxcr2 receptor have been linked to bile duct injury. Here, we aimed to investigate whether the intestinal microbiome modulates Cxcr2-dependent bile duct injury and obstruction. Adult wild-type (WT) and <i>Cxcr2</i>^<i>-/-</i> mice were fed a diet supplemented with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMZ/TMP) during pregnancy and lactation, and their pups were injected intraperitoneally with rhesus rotavirus (RRV) within 24 hours of life to induce experimental biliary atresia. The maternal exposure to SMZ/TMP significantly lowered the incidence of jaundice and bile duct obstruction and resulted in improved survival, especially in <i>Cxcr2</i>^<i>-/-</i> mice. Analyses of the microbiome by deep sequencing of 16S rRNA of the neonatal colon showed a delay in bacterial colonization of WT mice induced by SMZ/TMP, with a notable switch from <i>Proteobacteria</i> to <i>Firmicutes</i>. Interestingly, the genetic inactivation of <i>Cxcr2</i> alone produced a similar bacterial shift. When treated with SMZ/TMP, <i>Cxcr2</i>^<i>-/-</i> mice infected with RRV to induce experimental biliary atresia showed further enrichment of <i>Corynebacterium</i>, <i>Anaerococcus</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i>. Among these, <i>Anaerococcus lactolyticus</i> was significantly associated with a suppression of biliary injury, cholestasis, and survivability. These results suggest that the postnatal development of the intestinal microbiota is an important susceptibility factor for experimental biliary atresia.</p></div