Relationship of right amygdala volume with A. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (β, 3.6; standard error [SE], 1.4, <i>p</i> = 0.01) and B. memory score (β, 42.0; SE, 8.5; <i>p</i><0.001) across all cognitive groups.

<p>Covariates are right medial orbitofrontal cortex, age, gender, years of education, and the presence of subsyndromal depression. The presence of subsyndromal depression lowered the MMSE intercept (β, −9.9; SE, 3.7; <i>p</i> = 0.01) and memory score significantly (β, −9.4; SE, 4.7; <i>p</i> = 0.05). D−, without subsyndromal depression; D+, with subsyndromal depression.</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics of all participants (n = 113).

<p>Mean (standard deviation). MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; CDR, clinical dementia rating; NC, normal control; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; AD, Alzheimer's disease.</p

Mean volumes of lobar white matter lesions (WMLs), regional medial prefrontal cortices, and limbic structures according to the presence of subsyndromal depression and cognitive status.

<p>Analysis of covariance with the Benjamin and Hochberg's correction was used to adjust for sex, age, years of education, and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. Mean (standard deviation). All WML volumes were normalized to total intracranial volume. WML volumes were log-transformed. Age, gender, years of education, and the MMSE score were adjusted before comparison. <i>P</i>-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons. ACC, anterior cingulate cortical volume; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; NC, normal control; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; AD, Alzheimer's disease; D−, without subsyndromal depression; D+, with subsyndromal depression.</p

Classification accuracies based on DTI and GM volume measures.

<p>Receiver operator characteristic curves of classifications of MCI and control subjects based on DTI and GM volume measures used separately or together.</p

Accuracies of predicting cognitive scores based on DTI and GM volume measures.

<p>Distribution of root mean square errors in predicting MMSE and CVLT based on FA, DR or GM volume measures.</p

The correlations between DTI and GM volumes in MCI patients.

<p>The <i>p</i> value maps of the Pearson's correlation between DTI values and GM volumes. The green and warmer colors indicate significant correlations.</p

Sample characteristics by PIB and WMH pathology^a status.

a<p>Defined as WMH volume ≥0.5% of total intracranial volume (ICV).</p>b<p>unavailable for 9 participants.</p>c<p>derived from FLAIR segmentation, available for 24 PiB−, 26 PiB+, 28 WMH<b>−</b>, 22 WMH+.</p>d<p><i>p</i>-value from MANOVA, df = 1,55.</p>e<p><i>p</i>-value from Pearson Chi-Square test.</p

Subjects and clinical characteristics.

*<p>6 subjects' years of education was missing. 4 subjects' MMSE was missing. 28 subjects' verbal fluency and semantic fluency were missing. Note, smaller scores of neurocognitive measures indicate greater impairment.</p><p>Significance of group differences between paired groups (MCI vs. Control, aMCI vs. naMCI):</p>†<p>0.05<<i>p</i>≤0.001,</p>‡<p><i>p</i><0.001.</p

Mean differences of the DTI and GM measures between MCI and control.

<p>A. Mean differences and standard errors of regional DTI and GM measures, expressed as Z-scores, between MCI patients and controls for each ROI. Abbreviations:CC  =  corpus callosum; Post. CG  =  posterior cingulum; Isth. CG  =  isthmus cingulum; FX-ST  =  fornix (cres) and stria terminalis; IFO  =  inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus; SLF  =  superior longitudinal fasciculus; ILF  =  inferior longitudinal fasciculus. B. Mean differences and standard errors of regional DTI and MRI measures between aMCI, naMCI group and controls for each ROI. DTI and GM measures in ROIs with significant heterogeneities between aMCI and naMCI groups were labeled as “#”.</p

GM and WM parcellations.

<p>A. Automated parcellation of 21 cortical and subcortical ROIs for GM measurement, performed by Freesurfer software. B. Automated parcellation of 20 deep WM ROIs for DTI measurement, performed by SPM8.</p