13 research outputs found

    Tunesiens Wahl setzt ein Zeichen, eine Wende ist sie nicht: Nach der Parlamentswahl blockiert der Konflikt um Staats- und Gesellschaftsmodell weiterhin Institutionen und Reformen

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    Die Parlamentswahl vom 26. Oktober zeigt, dass viele Wähler ein islamistisches Staatsmodell für Tunesien ablehnen. Sie verdeutlicht auch, wie zersplittert und zerstritten die Befürworter eines säkularen Modells sind, obwohl ihre Zusammenarbeit mehr denn je notwendig wäre, um Reformen umzusetzen und einen modernen, am Staatsbürgerkonzept ausgerichteten Staat aufzubauen. Europa sollte eine Konsensfindung zwischen den Säkularen unterstützen, damit Tunesien international zukunftsfähig bleibt

    Genes induced during the clearance phase of self-limited infection.

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    a<p>Expression levels of genes induced above the confidence interval at week 13 but below the confidence interval at weeks 4, 6 & 40 of X0190.</p><p>The bold and italicized values represent data above the 99% confidence interval as described in the text.</p

    Genes induced during the early phase of self-limited infection as defined by average expression values.

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    a<p>Average expression values of biopsies taken during the 1<sup>st</sup> 8 weeks of infection.</p><p>Bold-face genes are also in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0003442#pone-0003442-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

    Genes induced during the early phase of self-limited and persistent infections.

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    a<p>Expression levels of genes induced above the confidence interval at weeks 4 & 6 but below the confidence interval at weeks 13 & 40 in X0190.</p><p>The bold and italicized values represent data above the 99% confidence interval as described in the text.</p

    Real-time PCR quantification of candidate genes involved in viral clearance and persistence.

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    <p>TaqMan real-time PCR was performed as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0003442#s4" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. The y-axis shows the relative unit of a given gene normalized to GAPDH and 18s rRNA. Data are expressed as means±SEM. In all cases, average values obtained during the first eight weeks of infection were compared between recovered (X0190) and chronically infected chimpanzees (X 0234, X0142 and X6412). * <i>P<0.05</i>, ** <i>P<0.01</i>, *** <i>P<0.01</i>, **** <i>P<0.005</i>.</p

    Rigid 2′,4′-Difluororibo­nucleosides: Synthesis, Conformational Analysis, and Incorporation into Nascent RNA by HCV Polymerase

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    We report on the synthesis and conformational properties of 2′-deoxy-2′,4′-di­fluoro­uridine (2′,4′-diF-rU) and cytidine (2′,4′-diF-rC) nucleosides. NMR analysis and quantum mechanical calculations show that the strong stereo­electronic effects induced by the two fluorines essentially “lock” the conformation of the sugar in the North region of the pseudo­rotational cycle. Our studies also demonstrate that NS5B HCV RNA polymerase was able to accommodate 2′,4′-diF-rU 5′-triphosphate (2′,4′-diF-rUTP) and to link the monophosphate to the RNA primer strand. 2′,4′-diF-rUTP inhibited RNA synthesis in dinucleotide-primed reactions, although with relatively high half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC<sub>50</sub> > 50 μM). 2′,4′-diF-rU/C represents rare examples of “locked” ribonucleoside mimics that lack a bicyclic ring structure
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