Acute abdomen due to primary omentitis: a case report

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Role of deregulated microRNAs in breast cancer progression Using FFPE tissue

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to cancer initiation and progression by silencing the expression of their target genes, causing either mRNA molecule degradation or translational inhibition. Intraductal epithelial proliferations of the breast are histologically and clinically classified into normal, atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). To better understand the progression of ductal breast cancer development, we attempt to identify deregulated miRNAs in this process using Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) tissues from breast cancer patients. Following tissue microdissection, we obtained 8 normal, 4 ADH, 6 DCIS and 7 IDC samples, which were subject to RNA isolation and miRNA expression profiling analysis. We found that miR-21, miR-200b/c, miR-141, and miR-183 were consistently up-regulated in ADH, DCIS and IDC compared to normal, while miR-557 was uniquely down-regulated in DCIS. Interestingly, the most significant miRNA deregulations occurred during the transition from normal to ADH. However, the data did not reveal a step-wise miRNA alteration among discrete steps along tumor progression, which is in accordance with previous reports of mRNA profiling of different stages of breast cancer. Furthermore, the expression of MSH2 and SMAD7, two important molecules involving TGF-β pathway, was restored following miR-21 knockdown in both MCF-7 and Hs578T breast cancer cells. In this study, we have not only identified a number of potential candidate miRNAs for breast cancer, but also found that deregulation of miRNA expression during breast tumorigenesis might be an early event since it occurred significantly during normal to ADH transition. Consequently, we have demonstrated the feasibility of miRNA expression profiling analysis using archived FFPE tissues, typically with rich clinical information, as a means of miRNA biomarker discovery

Cell cyclins: triggering elements of cancer or not?

Cyclins are indispensable elements of the cell cycle and derangement of their function can lead to cancer formation. Recent studies have also revealed more mechanisms through which cyclins can express their oncogenic potential. This review focuses on the aberrant expression of G1/S cyclins and especially cyclin D and cyclin E; the pathways through which they lead to tumour formation and their involvement in different types of cancer. These elements indicate the mechanisms that could act as targets for cancer therapy

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>GISTs are a subset of mesenchymal tumors and represent the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of GI tract. However, GIST is a recently recognized tumor entity and the literature on these stromal tumors has rapidly expanded.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>An extensive review of the literature was carried out in both online medical journals and through Athens University Medical library. An extensive literature search for papers published up to 2009 was performed, using as key words, GIST, Cajal's cells, treatment, Imatinib, KIT, review of each study were conducted, and data were abstracted.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>GIST has recently been suggested that is originated from the multipotential mesenchymal stem cells. It is estimated that the incidence of GIST is approximately 10-20 per million people, per year.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The clinical presentation of GIST is variable but the most usual symptoms include the presence of a mass or bleeding. Surgical resection of the local disease is the mainstay therapy. However, therapeutic agents, such as Imatinib have now been approved for the treatment of advanced GISTs and others, such as everolimus, rapamycin, heat shock protein 90 and IGF are in trial stage demonstrate promising results for the management of GISTs.</p

The incidence of breast cancer in women in association with ABO blood groups

Aim: The prevalence of breast cancer in woman in relation to blood groups. Methods: 1000 patients from Laiko General Hospital in Athens with diagnosed breast cancer participated in the study. Blood group and Rh were defined in each one of them. As mentioned above, blood group and Rh were defined and 300 patients diagnosed with benign breast cancer as control group, so that the statistical analyses could be accomplished. Results-Conclusions: Patients with A blood group seem to have greater prevalence in ductal breast cancer (49.6%), than that of patients with AB blood group, which is extremely low (3.6%). It seems that patients with A blood group and particularly Α Rh (-) blood group have poor prognosis. In patients with A blood group don’t seem to have a greater prevalence of the disease but it seems that they more often present with metastases. Consequently, those patients seem to have a poor prognosis. In summary, a greater study should be performed involving other biological and genomic factors, in order to distinguish special characteristics of groups at risk for breast cancer.ΣΚΟΠΟΣ: Η επίπτωση του καρκίνου του μαστού στις γυναίκες σε σχέση με την ομάδα αίματος. ΥΛΙΚΟ-ΜΕΘΟΔΟΣ: Μελετήθηκαν 1000 γυναίκες με διαγνωσμένο καρκίνο μαστού, που νοσηλεύτηκαν στο Λαικό Νοσοκομείο. Σε όλες τις ασθενείς έγινε καθορισμός των ομάδων αίματος ΑΒΟ και Rh. Παράλληλα σε 300 γυναίκες με καλοήθη νόσο του μαστού, που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν σαν μάρτυρες, έγινε καθορισμός των ομάδων αίματος ΑΒΟ και Rh, σαν ομάδα ελέγχου προκειμένου να γίνει σύγκριση των τιμών και στατιστική ανάλυση. ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΑ-ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ: Ιστολογικά, η ομάδα αίματος Α έχει ιδιαίτερα μεγάλη επίπτωση στον πορογενή καρκίνο του μαστού (49,6%), ενώ στην ομάδα αίματος ΑΒ πολύ μικρή (3,6%). Προγνωστικώς, η ομάδα αίματος Α και ειδικώς η Α Rh (-) είναι η πλέον επιβεβαρυμένη. Όπως, φαίνεται στους ασθενείς με ομάδα αίματος Α, παρ’ότι δεν εμφανίζουν μεγαλύτερη επίπτωση της νόσου, εμφανίζουν συχνότερα μεταστάσεις και επομένως οι ασθενείς με ομάδα αίματος Α έχουν χειρότερη πρόγνωση σε σχέση με ασθενείς με άλλες ομάδες αίματος, ενώ δημογραφικώς σχετίζεται με την ύπαρξη οικογενειακού ιστορικού όταν συνδυάζεται με Rh (+) σε σύγκριση με τις ασθενείς των άλλων ομάδων αίματος. Προκύπτει ότι ενδεχομένως πιο αναλυτική μελέτη του πολύπλοκου συστήματος Rh (η συχνότητα θετικότητας είναι υψηλότερη στους ασθενείς με καρκίνο μαστού σε σχέση με το γενικό πληθυσμό) με τις ειδικές βιολογικές και γονιδιακές παραμέτρους, στον καρκίνο μαστού να αναδείξουν υποομάδες υψηλού κινδύνου

Lipomatous angiomyofibroblastoma a case report of a unique vulvar mass

BACKGROUND: Vulvar masses are commonly biopsied in the outpatient setting. They may present as clinically benign masses, but the pathological evaluation and diagnosis is important in establishing the correct management. CASE: A 41-year-old El Salvadoran woman presented with a nontender vulvar mass of over 12 years\u27 duration that had enlarged rapidly over the past 8 months. After surgical excision, the pathologic diagnosis was a rare lipomatous variant of angiomyofibroblastoma. CONCLUSION: The lipomatous form of angiomyofibroblastoma is a very rare vulvar tumor, and to our knowledge 8 have been identified and we present the ninth. Although it is benign, there is an aggressive variant of angiomyofibroblastoma that is locally invasive and requires wide local excision to prevent recurrence. © Journal of Reproductive Medicine®, Inc