Results of random effects analysis for 1PP (1PP-baseline) relative to 3PP (3PP baseline) (p<0.05, FWE corrected, L = left hemisphere, R = right hemisphere, masked with real touch>baseline).

<p>Results of random effects analysis for 1PP (1PP-baseline) relative to 3PP (3PP baseline) (p<0.05, FWE corrected, L = left hemisphere, R = right hemisphere, masked with real touch>baseline).</p

Results of random effects analysis (p<0.05, FWE corrected, L = left hemisphere, R = right hemisphere, masked with real touch>baseline).

<p>Results of random effects analysis (p<0.05, FWE corrected, L = left hemisphere, R = right hemisphere, masked with real touch>baseline).</p

Results of experiment 2.

<p>A: Conditions of the experiment. See text for further details. B: Results revealed activation in SI both for touch hand (PS) and movements in peripersonal space (PPS) conditions. The conditions EPS, hands only and movement only failed to show significant activation of somatosensory brain areas (at p<0.05, FWE corrected, masked with real touch>baseline in order to reveal common activations with real touch). C: Contrast of parameter estimates for activations in left SI (based on ANOVA main effect, see text) demonstrates activation both for PS and PPS conditions, thus replicating the results of the first study. D: Statistical maps for the contrast PS>EPS and PPS>EPS revealed brain activation in left SI (FWE corrected, masked with real touch>baseline). E: Statistical maps for the contrast PPS>hands only show brain activation in left SI and left premotor cortex (FWE corrected, unmasked results).</p

Statistical maps for the contrast 1PP (PS - baseline) relative to 3PP (PS - baseline).

<p>Results show brain activation in SI for 1PP (at p<0.05, FWE corrected, masked with real touch>baseline). The contrast 3PP (PS - baseline) relative to 1PP (PS - baseline) failed to show any significant voxels (at p<0.05, FWE corrected).</p

Conditions and types of stimuli used in the first experiment.

<p>The two pictures on the left depict the conditions touch hand and movements in peripersonal space, respectively, in 1PP. The two pictures on the right show touch hand and movements in peripersonal space, respectively, in 3PP.</p

Brain responses in SI while subjects observe touch to a hand and movements close to a hand ( = PS and PPS) relative to baseline.

<p>A: Results for 1PP revealed activation in left SI for PS events. For PPS events results yielded only minor activation in SI. B: Results for 3PP depict activations in bilateral SI both for PS and PPS conditions. C: Contrast of parameter estimates for activations in left SI (MNI coordinates: −38 −40 52) during PS and PPS conditions relative to baseline. The left two bars show the results for 1PP, the right two bars depict results for 3PP. In the latter, PS as well as PPS events were associated with strong activation in SI, whereas the observation of PPS events revealed even higher activation than the PS condition. The data of the right SI (3PP only) were similar. All results were at p<0.05, FWE corrected, and masked with real touch relative to baseline in order to reveal common activations with somatosensory areas.</p

Statistical map showing brain activations for the contrasts communicative relative to strategic reasoning and control relative to strategic reasoning (random-effects analysis, FDR corrected).

<p>Results demonstrate increased activations for communicative reasoning (with respect to strategic rationality) including prefrontal cortex (BA10) and precuneus. Strategic reasoning revealed less activation for prefrontal cortex (BA10) and precuneus compared with a control task. Areas of significant fMRI signal change are shown as color overlays on the T1-MNI reference brain. See text and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0065111#pone-0065111-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a> for details.</p

Scatter plots of the correlation between the modulations in left SI with the strength of the illusion (mean of questions 1 to 4, which indicate the illusion).

<p>The y-axis depicts the cortical distance between D5 and D2. Left part of the picture shows the scatter plots for synchronous stimulation, right side for asynchronous stimulation (control condition). The upper part depicts scatterplots for those subjects who felt the illusion, below the scatter plots for all subjects are shown. The data show significant correlations of the strength of the illusion with reduced cortical distances in SI (meaning a shift to posterior for D2) during synchronous stimulation. Thus, the stronger the participants felt the illusion, the more the source of D2 shifted towards posterior. In contrast, when stimulating the rubber hand asynchronously (right part of the picture), data analysis between illusion scores and modulation in SI revealed no significant correlations.</p

Statistical maps for conditions relative to resting baseline at MNI coordinates −42 −56 32.

<p>Note increased BOLD responses for communicative reasoning and less activation during strategic reasoning.</p

Dipole localizations of the SEFs for one representative subject overlaid onto an axial MRI slice.

<p>The positions of the dipole sources are specified in polar coordinates. The squares depict the cortical representations of D2; the circles show the representations for D5. Note the differences in polar angle Δφ between rest, asynchronous, and synchronous brushing, pointing to a decrease of the cortical distance in the synchronous brushing condition. For verification of dipole sources a coronal slice (rest condition) is depicted.</p