Schematic view of the target detection task.

<p>The example illustrates the brightening of the inner circle (cue) indicating a short cue target interval (CTI). After the cue stimulus a CTI of either 600 ms (expected) or 1400 ms (unexpected) followed, than the target appeared (large cross). Long CTIs’ were cued by brightening of the outer circle.</p

Peak voxel and sub regions from the conjunction analysis of the task induced deactivation (TID) during run 1 and relative sAA increase immediately prior to scanning.

<p>Peakvoxel from the conjunction analysis are based on a voxelwise p<0.005, uncorrected and a minimum cluster size of k = 30. MTG: middle temporal gyrus; STG: superior temporal gyrus; SFG: superior frontal gyrus; MFG: medial frontal gyrus.</p

Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) profile over the six sampling points.

<p>Error bars indicate SEM. T0  =  training phase; Prep.  =  MRI preparation (subjects were placed on the MRI table, get goggles, headphones, headcoil, ect.); R1  =  Run 1; Struct.  =  high resolution structural scan; R2  =  Run 2. **p<0.01.</p

Peak voxel and sub regions from the conjunction analysis of task induced activation during run 1 and relative sAA increase immediately prior to scanning.

<p>Peakvoxel from the conjunction analysis are based on a voxelwise p<0.005, uncorrected and a minimum cluster size of k = 30. SMA: supplementary motor area.</p

Scatter plots and coefficients of determination R² of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), brain activation/deactivation and behavioral data.

<p>a) Associations between reaction times (RT)/correct responses during run 1 and percentage sAA increase immediately prior to scanning. b) Associations between reaction times (RT)/correct responses and extracted mean beta values. Task induced activation: supplementary motor area (SMA), lentiform nucleus and declive. Task induced deactivation: angular gyrus.</p

Peak voxel and sub regions from the task induced activation and deactivation.

<p>Peakvoxel based on a voxelwise T≥10 for activation and T≥4 for TID with a minimum cluster size of k = 10. SMA: supplementary motor area; MOG: middle occipital gyrus, MTG: middle temporal gyrus, MFG: medial frontal gyrus, IPL: inferior parietal lobule, IFG: inferior frontal gyrus, SFG: superior frontal gyrus, SPL: superior parietal lobule.</p

Conjunction of the main effect of the task in run 1 and percentage sAA increase immediately prior to scanning.

<p><i>Left:</i> coronal and axial slices of an anatomical spatially normalized mean image of all subjects. Colour blobs indicate regions that are activated by the task and influenced by percentage salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) increase. <i>Right:</i> Scatter plots and coefficient of determination R². SMA: supplementary motor area; Lent. Ncll.: lentiform nuclei.</p

Task induced activation (red) and deactivation (blue).

<p>Clusters are presented on three axial slices and a medial slice of an anatomical spatially normalized mean image of all subjects. The statistical threshold was set to T≥10 for activation and T≥4 for task induced deactivation with a minimum cluster size of k = 10.</p

Mean reaction times and accuracy data.

<p>Mean reaction times and accuracy data.</p

Relative increases in brain activity associated with personal familiarity.

<p>All activations are significant at p<0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons at the cluster level (with a height threshold of p<0.001, uncorrected at the voxel level). For each region of activation, the coordinates of the maximally activated voxels within the activation cluster are given in standard stereotactic MNI space. FF: familiar faces, UF: unfamiliar faces, FP: familiar places, UP: unfamiliar places; # indicates that this activation maximum is part of the same cluster.</p