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Do Visual Attention and Perception Require Mutiple Reference Frames? Evidence from a Computational Model of Unilateral Neglect
A key question motivating research in perception and attention is how the brain represents visual information. One aspect of this representation is the coordinate or reference frame with respect to which visual features are encoded. To determine the frames of reference involved in human vision and attention, neurological patients with unilateral neglect have been extensively studied. Neglect patients often fail to orient toward, explore, and respond to stimuli on the left. The interesting question is: with respect to what frame of reference is neglect of the left manifested? W h e n a neglect patient shows a deficit in attentional allocation that depends not merely on the location of an object with respect to the viewer but on the extent, shape, or movement of the object itself, the inference is often made that attentional allocation must be operating in an object-based frame of reference. Via simulations of an existing connectionist model of spatial attention (Mozer, 1991; Mozer & Sitton, 1998), w e argue that this inference is not logically necessary: object-based attentional effects in neglect can be obtained without object-based frames of reference
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A connectionist model of selective attention in visual perception
This paper describes a model of selective attention that is part of a connectionist object recognition system called MORSEL MORSEL is capable of identifying multiple objects presented simultaneously on its"retina," but because of capacity limitations, MORSEL requires attention to prevent it from trying to do too much at once Attentional selection is performed by a network of simple computing units that constructs a variable-diameter "spotlight" on the retina, allowing sensory information within the spotlight to be preferentially processed. Simulations of the model demonstrate that attention is more critical for less familiar items and that attention can be used to reduce inter-item crosstalk The model suggests four distinct roles of attention in visual information processing, as well as a novel view of attentional selection that has characteristics of both early and late selection theories
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