Visualizing semantic data

Visualizing semantic data describes the task of using the additional self describing features of semantic data (Linked Data/RDF) to inform the process of creating vector or bitmap drawings

Swisslink: high-precision, context-free entity linking exploiting unambiguous labels

Webpages are an abundant source of textual information with manually annotated entity links, and are often used as a source of training data for a wide variety of machine learning NLP tasks. However, manual annotations such as those found on Wikipedia are sparse, noisy, and biased towards popular entities. Existing entity linking systems deal with those issues by relying on simple statistics extracted from the data. While such statistics can effectively deal with noisy annotations, they introduce bias towards head entities and are ineffective for long tail (e.g., unpopular) entities. In this work, we first analyze statistical properties linked to manual annotations by studying a large annotated corpus composed of all English Wikipedia webpages, in addition to all pages from the CommonCrawl containing English Wikipedia annotations. We then propose and evaluate a series of entity linking approaches, with the explicit goal of creating highly-accurate (precision > 95%) and broad annotated corpuses for machine learning tasks. Our results show that our best approach achieves maximal-precision at usable recall levels, and outperforms both state-of-the-art entity-linking systems and human annotators

Combination leflunomide and methotrexate (MTX) therapy for patients with active rheumatoid arthritis failing MTX monotherapy: open-label extension of a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial

P e r s o n a l n o n -c o m m e r c i a l u s e o n l y . T h e J o u r n a l o f R h e u m a t o l o g y . C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 0 4 . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d Conclusion. Response to therapy was maintained to 48 weeks of treatment in patients who continued to receive LEF and MTX during the extension. Importantly, ACR20 response rates after 24 weeks of LEF therapy were similar between patients switched from PLA to LEF without loading dose, and those who received a loading does of LEF (100 mg/day × 2 days) at randomization. Fewer adverse events were reported in patients switched to LEF without a loading dose. (J Rheumatol 2004;31:1521-31

Rheumatoid arthritis - treatment: 180. Utility of Body Weight Classified Low-Dose Leflunomide in Japanese Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background: In Japan, more than 20 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients died of interstitial pneumonia (IP) caused by leflunomide (LEF) were reported, but many of them were considered as the victims of opportunistic infection currently. In this paper, efficacy and safety of low-dose LEF classified by body weight (BW) were studied. Methods: Fifty-nine RA patients were started to administrate LEF from July 2007 to July 2009. Among them, 25 patients were excluded because of the combination with tacrolimus, and medication modification within 3 months before LEF. Remaining 34 RA patients administered 20 to 50 mg/week of LEF were followed up for 1 year and enrolled in this study. Dose of LEF was classified by BW (50 mg/week for over 50 kg, 40 mg/week for 40 to 50 kg and 20 to 30 mg/week for under 40 kg). The average age and RA duration of enrolled patients were 55.5 years old and 10.2 years. Prednisolone (PSL), methotrexate (MTX) and etanercept were used in 23, 28 and 2 patients, respectively. In case of insufficient response or adverse effect, dosage change or discontinuance of LEF were considered. Failure was defined as dosages up of PSL and MTX, or dosages down or discontinuance of LEF. Last observation carried forward method was used for the evaluation of failed patients at 1 year. Results: At 1 year after LEF start, good/ moderate/ no response assessed by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria using Disease Activity Score, including a 28-joint count (DAS28)-C reactive protein (CRP) were showed in 14/ 10/ 10 patients, respectively. The dosage changes of LEF at 1 year were dosage up: 10, same dosage: 5, dosage down: 8 and discontinuance: 11 patients. The survival rate of patients in this study was 23.5% (24 patients failed) but actual LEF continuous rate was 67.6% (11 patients discontinued) at 1 year. The major reason of failure was liver dysfunction, and pneumocystis pneumonia was occurred in 1 patient resulted in full recovery. One patient died of sepsis caused by decubitus ulcer infection. DAS28-CRP score was decreased from 3.9 to 2.7 significantly. Although CRP was decreased from 1.50 to 0.93 mg/dl, it wasn't significant. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 was decreased from 220.0 to 174.2 ng/ml significantly. Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) was increased from 19 to 35 U/l and number of leukocyte was decreased from 7832 to 6271 significantly. DAS28-CRP, CRP, and MMP-3 were improved significantly with MTX, although they weren't without MTX. Increase of GPT and leukopenia were seen significantly with MTX, although they weren't without MTX. Conclusions: It was reported that the risks of IP caused by LEF in Japanese RA patients were past IP history, loading dose administration and low BW. Addition of low-dose LEF is a potent safe alternative for the patients showing unsatisfactory response to current medicines, but need to pay attention for liver function and infection caused by leukopenia, especially with MTX. Disclosure statement: The authors have declared no conflicts of interes

Wiki2Prop: A Multimodal Approach for Predicting Wikidata Properties from Wikipedia

Wikidata is rapidly emerging as a key resource for a multitude of online tasks such as Speech Recognition, Entity Linking, Question Answering, or Semantic Search. The value of Wikidata is directly linked to the rich information associated with each entity – that is, the properties describing each entity as well as the relationships to other entities. Despite the tremendous manual and automatic efforts the community invested in the Wikidata project, the growing number of entities (now more than 100 million) presents multiple challenges in terms of knowledge gaps in the graph that are hard to track. To help guide the community in filling the gaps in Wikidata, we propose to identify and rank the properties that an entity might be missing. In this work, we focus on entities with a dedicated Wikipedia page in any language to make predictions directly based on textual content.We show that this problem can be formulated as a multi-label classification problem where every property defined in Wikidata is a potential label. Our main contribution, Wiki2Prop, solves this problem using a multimodal Deep Learning method to predict which properties should be attached to a given entity, using its Wikipedia page embeddings. Moreover, Wiki2Prop is able to incorporate additional features in the form of multilingual embeddings and multimodal data such as images whenever available. We empirically evaluate our approach against the state of the art and show how Wiki2Prop significantly outperforms its competitors for the task of property prediction in Wikidata, and how the use of multilingual and multimodal data improves the results further. Finally, we make Wiki2Prop available as a property recommender system that can be activated and used directly in the context of a Wikidata entity page

Selective costimulation modulation using abatacept in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis while receiving etanercept: a randomised clinical trial

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of abatacept in combination with etanercept in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis during a 1‐year, randomised, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind phase, followed by an open‐label, long‐term extension (LTE). METHODS: Patients continued etanercept (25 mg twice weekly) and were randomised to receive abatacept 2 mg/kg (n = 85) or placebo (n = 36). As the effective dose of abatacept was established as 10 mg/kg in a separate trial, all patients received abatacept 10 mg/kg and etanercept during the LTE. RESULTS: A total of 121 patients were randomised; 80 completed double‐blind treatment and entered the LTE. During double‐blind treatment, the difference in the percentage of patients achieving the primary end point (modified American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20 response at 6 months) was not significant between groups (48.2% v 30.6%; p = 0.072). At 1 year, no notable changes in modified ACR responses were observed. Subsequent to the dosing change, similar modified ACR responses were seen during the LTE. Significant improvements in quality of life were observed with abatacept and etanercept versus placebo and etanercept in five of the eight short‐form 36 subscales at 1 year. More abatacept and etanercept‐treated patients experienced serious adverse events (SAEs) at 1 year than patients receiving placebo and etanercept (16.5% v 2.8%), with 3.5% v 0% experiencing serious infections. CONCLUSION: The combination of abatacept (at a dose of 2 mg/kg during the double‐blind phase and 10 mg/kg during the LTE) and etanercept was associated with an increase in SAEs, including serious infections, with limited clinical effect. On the basis of the limited efficacy findings and safety concerns, abatacept in combination with etanercept should not be used for rheumatoid arthritis treatment

Quantitative, Simultaneous & Collinear Eye-Tracked, High Dynamic Range Optical Coherence Tomography at 850 and 1060 nm

Ocular optical coherence tomography at the wavelengths ranges of 850 and 1060 nm have been integrated with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope eye-tracker as a clinical commercial-class system. Collinear optics enables an exact overlap of the different channels to produce precisely overlapping depth-scans for evaluating the similarities and differences between the wavelengths to extract additional physiologic information. A reliable segmentation algorithm utilizing Graphcuts has been implemented and applied to automatically extract retinal and choroidal shape in cross-sections and volumes. The device has been tested in normals and pathologies including a cross-sectional and longitudinal study of myopia progress and control with a duplicate instrument in Asian children

:6; Personal non-commercial use only. The Journal of Rheumatology

ABSTRACT. Objective. To determine the extent to which cognitive dysfunction (CD) observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exceeds that seen in a matched control group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to estimate the prevalence of CD in SLE in a community-based sample. Methods. A random subsample of 31 patients with SLE was compared to patients with RA matched by age, sex, and race and derived from the same patient population. Cognitive function was assessed by the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM). The primary outcome was the total throughput score (number of correct responses divided by the time taken for those responses averaged over all subtests), adjusted for premorbid intelligence, neuromuscular efficiency, disease activity, damage, depression, fatigue, and health-related quality of life. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in mean throughput scores between patients in the SLE and RA groups in any subtest of the ANAM or in the total throughput score. The frequency of CD, defined as either total scores > 1.5 SD below the mean of the RA population, or 4 or more ANAM subtests each > 1.5 SD below the RA mean, was similar in patients with SLE and in RA controls. Conclusion. We found no differences in cognitive function between patients with SLE and RA, suggesting that the CD found in some patients with SLE may represent the consequences of a chronic and/or inflammatory disease rather than SLE-related central nervous system damage. (First Releas