Proton-transport catalysis, proton abstraction, and proton exchange in HF+HOC⁺ and H₂O+HOC⁺ and analogous deuterated reactions

Classical simulations of the reactions of HF and H₂O with HOC⁺ have been carried out on interpolatedab initiopotential energy surfaces. Rearrangement (X+HOC⁺→OCH⁺+X), abstraction (X+HOC⁺→XH⁺+OC), (X=HF or H₂O), exchange (e.g., DY+HOC⁺→HY+DOC⁺), and exchange-rearrangement (e.g., DY+HOC⁺→OCD⁺+YH) (Y=F or HO or DO) reactions are observed. However, the abstraction reaction is dominant for both the HF+HOC⁺ and H₂O+HOC⁺ systems

Ustekinumab for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis: an update.

Psoriatic arthritis occurs in 30% of psoriasis patients, and the treatment can be challenging in some patients. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration approved ustekinumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, for the management of psoriatic arthritis. In this article, we review large-scale randomized clinical trials addressing the efficacy and safety profile of ustekinumab for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis

Citizen Participation and Strategic Planning for an Urban Enterprise Community

Public policies rarely have single objectives. For the federal Empowerment Zones and Enterprise Communities initiative, bettering the socioeconomic opportunity structure among a collection of the nation\u27s low-income areas is only one of its goals. Another initiative objective is to foster the representation of common citizens, especially residents, in the planning and implementation of strategies and programs designed to redevelop these low-income areas. Strategic community planning was the method chosen by the initiative\u27s designers to achieve both objectives. This article, which makes use of the case study approach, addresses strategic community planning as an instrument of advancing citizen representation in urban redevelopment processes. Specifically, it describes and critiques the process jointly administered in three upstate New York cities — Albany, Schenectady, and Troy — that are participating in the urban portion of the federal initiative. The purpose of this study is to assess the degree to which residents of the low-income areas of these three cities participated in the strategic community planning process