Statistics of the first passage time of Brownian motion conditioned by maximum value or area

We derive the moments of the first passage time for Brownian motion conditioned by either the maximum value or the area swept out by the motion. These quantities are the natural counterparts to the moments of the maximum value and area of Brownian excursions of fixed duration, which we also derive for completeness within the same mathematical framework. Various applications are indicated.Comment: 29 pages, 4 figures include

Transnational Migration from Oaxaca, the Agrarian Ouestion and the Politics of lndigenous Peoples

In den letzten Jahren hat die Migration indigener Bevölkerungsgruppen aus dem südmexikanischen Bundesstaat Oaxaca nach Nordwestmexiko und in die USA stark zugenommen. Diese Migrationsbewegung hat zu tiefgreifenden Umgestaltungen in Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Kultur und Politik sowohl in den Ursprungsgemeinden als auch den überregionalen Netzwerken der Migranten geführt. Dadurch verändern sich auch die Klassenbeziehungen und kulturellen Identitäten der indigenen Bevölkerung sowie die ihnen korrespondierenden politischen Bewegungen. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Auswirkungen dieser Migrationsbewegungen auf die 'Agrarfrage' und das Denken über die indigene Bevölkerung Mexikos. Beide Belange werden im Kontext der transnationalen Gemeinschaften, die sich nunmehr von den entlegenen Gebieten Südmexikos bis in die USA und nach Kanada ausgebreitet haben, grundlegend neu gestaltet.In den letzten Jahren hat die Migration indigener Bevölkerungsgruppen aus dem südmexikanischen Bundesstaat Oaxaca nach Nordwestmexiko und in die USA stark zugenommen. Diese Migrationsbewegung hat zu tiefgreifenden Umgestaltungen in Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Kultur und Politik sowohl in den Ursprungsgemeinden als auch den überregionalen Netzwerken der Migranten geführt. Dadurch verändern sich auch die Klassenbeziehungen und kulturellen Identitäten der indigenen Bevölkerung sowie die ihnen korrespondierenden politischen Bewegungen. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Auswirkungen dieser Migrationsbewegungen auf die 'Agrarfrage' und das Denken über die indigene Bevölkerung Mexikos. Beide Belange werden im Kontext der transnationalen Gemeinschaften, die sich nunmehr von den entlegenen Gebieten Südmexikos bis in die USA und nach Kanada ausgebreitet haben, grundlegend neu gestaltet

The first-passage area for drifted Brownian motion and the moments of the Airy distribution

An exact expression for the distribution of the area swept out by a drifted Brownian motion till its first-passage time is derived. A study of the asymptotic behaviour confirms earlier conjectures and clarifies their range of validity. The analysis also leads to a simple closed-form solution for the moments of the Airy distribution.Comment: 13 page

On the situation in Palestine and the war crime of transfer of civilians into occupied territory

This paper considers the war crime at Article 8(2)(b)(viii) of the Rome Statute, 'the transfer, directly or indirectly, by the Occupying Power of parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies', by addressing the doctrinal elements of the provision in light of the impact which the practice of transfer of Israeli civilians into occupied territory has had on the application of the rule of international law to the broader situation in Palestine. The provision is distinct among war crimes within the Court's jurisdiction as it refers to the activity of a state – the occupying power – in addition to that of the individual perpetrator. This feature reflects the structural issues that the provision was designed to address, and emphasizes that its purpose is not so much to confront direct physical violence, but rather to prevent colonial practices. Despite the political significance of the underlying conduct there has been comparatively little analysis of the war crime itself. Following an overview of how Israel's transfer of civilians into occupied territory challenges international law's distinction between civilian and combatant and has given rise to the charge of apartheid, the paper considers the drafting history of Article 8(2)(b)(viii) of the Rome Statute, reflecting on the provision's unusual construction, before reviewing Israel's state responsibility for unlawful transfer, and considering the temporal jurisdiction of the ICC and the nature of continuing and continuous crimes

Political Discussion on Facebook: An Analysis of Interpersonal Goals and Disagreement

This study investigates the processes that motivate, constrain, and shape political conversations on Facebook. Through an analysis of the Goals-Plans-Action model and the Political Interpersonal Communication index, this study finds that Facebook political conversations are primarily motivated by cognitive engagement and primarily constrained by personal standards regarding the appropriateness of discussing politics on Facebook. These conversations are further shaped by desires to create positive impressions. This study also examines the effects of disagreement on Facebook political conversations. Findings indicate that perceived disagreement does influence political activity on Facebook, though this relationship varies according to individual levels of tolerance for disagreement, political information efficacy, and political extremism. Overall, this study contributes to political disagreement scholarship and demonstrates the unique contributions of both interpersonal and political communication theory in the area of interpersonal political communication