Plasma glucose, insulin, and leucine concentrations.

<p>Values are mean±SEM.</p>*<p>Value significantly different from corresponding value in men (<i>P</i> = 0.011);</p>†<p>value significantly different from corresponding value during basal, postabsorptive (fasted) conditions (<i>P</i><0.001).</p

Subject characteristics

<p>Values are means±SEM.</p>a<p>Measured by DEXA as described in the Experimental protocol section.</p>b<p>Measured by MRI as described in the Experimental protocol section.</p

Plasma sex hormone and CRP concentrations.

<p>Values are median with quartiles in parentheses.</p>*<p>Value significantly different from corresponding value in men (<i>P</i><0.001).</p

Muscle mRNA expression of proteins involved in the regulation of muscle mass in men and women.

<p>Panels A and B show myostatin (A) and myoD (B) gene expression during basal, postabsorptive conditions (fasted) and liquid mixed meal consumption (fed) in men (n = 7) and women (n = 7). Values are means±SEM. ^† Value significantly different from corresponding value during basal, postabsorptive (fasted) conditions; <i>P</i><0.05.</p

Phosphorylation of anabolic signaling transduction molecules in muscle of men and women.

<p>Panels A–E show concentrations of phosphorylated Akt^Thr308 (A), p70s6k^Thr389 (B), eIF4E-BP1^Thr37/46 (C), eIF4E^Ser209 (D), and eEF2^Thr56 (E) during basal, postabsorptive conditions (fasted) and liquid mixed meal consumption (fed) in men and women. Values are means±SEM. * Value significantly different from corresponding value in men; ^† Value significantly different from corresponding value during basal, postabsorptive (fasted) conditions.</p

qRT-PCR Primer Sequences.

<p>qRT-PCR Primer Sequences.</p

Relationship between myofibrillar protein synthesis and the extent of phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 (Thr 37/46) at 24 hours following resistance exercise.

<p>There was a significant correlation (P = 0.049) between the degree of phosphorylation (fold-change from basal) and myofibrillar protein synthesis (FSR, %/hr).</p

Fasted-state mixed (A), myofibrillar (B), and sarcoplasmic (C) protein synthesis (FSR) at rest and following resistance exercise.

<p>Capital letter indicates a mean that is significantly different from rest, P<0.05. *Significantly different from 30WM within that time point, P<0.05. †Significantly different from 90FAIL within that time point, P<0.05. ‡Significantly different from 24h post within group. Values are means ± SEM.</p

Plasma [<i>ring</i>-¹³C₆] phenylalanine enrichments during the experimental trials.

<p>Values are means ± S.E.M. Numbers reflect the tracer to tracee ratio (m+6/m+0), see methods for details.</p

Pax7 (A), MyoD (B), myogenin (C) mRNA expression in skeletal muscle 24 hours following resistance exercise.

<p>Data are expressed as fold change from rest. Data are normalized to GAPDH and reported as mean ± SEM. *Significantly different from rest, P<0.05. †Significantly different from 30WM.</p