濃厚固定毒乳劑ヲ以テスル人體ニ對スル狂犬病豫防接種成績

Electron spectral imaging (ESI), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) performed in sections of cryo-fixed basal disc. a Merged ESI micrographs revealing the nitrogen atoms profile –green dots. Nitrogen atoms are densely distributed in Hydra secretory granule II, covering its full surface. b Merged ESI micrographs depicting P atoms distribution –green dots. Note P atoms are found in the same secretory granules as N but in much lower density. Scale bars 1 μm. Abbreviations: ex, exterior of the cell. (TIF 2992 kb

MOESM2 of The 60S ribosomal protein L13 is the most preferable reference gene to investigate gene expression in selected organs from turkeys and chickens, in context of different infection models

Additional file 2. RNA integrity number measured with Bioanalyzer2100. The RIN values of all the samples used in the experiment are given

Pathogenesis of <i>Gallibacterium anatis</i> in a natural infection model fulfils Koch’s postulates: 2. Epididymitis and decreased semen quality are the predominant effects in specific pathogen free cockerels

<div><p>Pathogenesis of <i>Gallibacterium anatis</i> was investigated in specific pathogen free cockerels. Birds aged 35 weeks were infected intranasally with <i>G. anatis</i> whereas negative controls were left uninfected. Following infection, necropsy, bacteriological and histopathological investigations were performed in birds killed at 3, 7, 10, 28 and 38 days post infection (d.p.i.). Additionally, semen samples were collected twice a week until 5 weeks post infection for quality assessment. No clinical signs and gross pathological lesions were seen throughout the experiment. Bacteriological investigation revealed that <i>G. anatis</i> colonized the upper respiratory tract at 3 d.p.i. and could be isolated from testis and epididymis at 7 d.p.i. onwards. Bacterial persistence was found in the respiratory tract, gut and testis until the termination of the study at 38 d.p.i. Furthermore, <i>G. anatis</i> was isolated from semen arguing for the possibility of vertical transmission. Histopathological examination showed infiltration of mononuclear cells in epididymal tissue, indicating an inflammation. Density, total motility, progressive motility and membrane integrity of sperms were significantly decreased in infected birds as compared with control chickens. Along with these findings, an increase in spermatozoa with morphological defects was observed at different time points. In conclusion, the present study provides novel data on the impact of a <i>G. anatis</i> infection in cockerels in a natural infection model, thus helping to elucidate bacterial distribution, pathological lesions as well as influences on semen quality.</p></div

MOESM1 of The outcome of experimentally induced inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) by fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdVs) is crucially influenced by the genetic background of the host

Additional file 1. Kits and methods used to investigate the clinical chemistry analytes in the plasma of birds. Total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), bile acids, uric acid and lipase were investigated in the plasma of birds at different time points by a fully selective clinical chemistry analyzer (Cobas 501cÂŽ, Roche Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria)

Effect of luminal avain <i>E. coli</i> on the permeability (<i>G</i>_t) and short-circuit current (<i>I</i>_sc) of isolated jejunal epithelial sheets from 6-wk-old broiler chickens by the Ussing chambers technique.

<p>The electrophysiological changes of jejunal tissues exposed to <i>E. coli</i> and cholera toxin at the luminal side were monitored. (A) Permeability (<i>G</i>_t), (B) Short-circuit current (<i>I</i>_sc), black columns represent basal values before additions while white columns represent values 1 h after addition of <i>E. coli (</i>avian non-pathogenic, IMT11322 and avian pathogenic, IMT4529) and oblique lines columns represent values 30 min after addition of cholera toxin. Data from simultaneously incubated epithelia without infection served as controls. Data are given as means + SEM (n =  10). *^/**/***Asterisks mark significant differences (<i>P</i><0.05/<i>P</i><0.01/<i>P</i><0.001).</p

MOESM2 of The outcome of experimentally induced inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) by fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdVs) is crucially influenced by the genetic background of the host

Additional file 2. Histopathological findings in infected birds at different time points. Histopathological lesions recorded in liver, pancreas and bursa of Fabricius of infected birds from groups L1, B1, L2 and B2 at 4, 7 and 10 dpi. No histopathological changes were observed in the kidney. Furthermore, no microscopical lesions were present in organs from birds of the control groups

Time course of the effects of the mucosal exposure to living <i>E. coli</i> (avian non-pathogenic, IMT11322 and avian pathogenic, IMT4529) on the tissue ionic conductance (G_t) and short-circuit current (I_sc) of jejunal epithelial sheets of broiler chickens mounted in Ussing chambers.

<p>(A) Permeability (<i>G</i>_t), (B) Short-circuit current (<i>I</i>_sc), results are expressed as means ± SEM [n =  30 (number of experiments for each treatment)].</p

The changes of permeability (<i>G</i>_t) and short-circuit current (<i>I</i>_sc) of jejunal epithelial sheets of broiler chickens after exposure to avain <i>E. coli</i> on the luminal side and histamine on the serosal side.

<p>(A) Permeability (<i>G</i>_t), (B) Short-circuit current (<i>I</i>_sc), black columns represent basal values before additions while white columns represent values 1 h after addition of <i>E. coli</i> (avian non-pathogenic, IMT11322 and avian pathogenic, IMT4529) and oblique lines columns represent values 30 min after addition of histamine. Data from simultaneously incubated epithelia without infection served as controls. Data are given as means + SEM (n =  10). *^/**/***Asterisks mark significant differences (<i>P</i><0.05/<i>P</i><0.01/<i>P</i><0.001).</p

Basal values of transmural conductivity (<i>G</i>_t) and short-circuit current (<i>I</i>_sc) of isolated jejunal mucosa of broiler chickens and their changes in response to <i>Escherichia coli</i> application.

a,b<p>Values within one row that do not share a common letter are different (P<0.05; Duncan's test).</p>1<p>G_t or I_sc at time zero is the basal value before addition <i>Escherichia coli.</i></p>2<p>Data are arithmetic means and pooled standard error of means SEM [n =  30 (number of experiments for each treatment)].</p>3<p>Delta-values represent the absolute and relative changes of <i>G</i>_t and <i>I</i>_sc from 1 min before application to 60 min after application.</p><p><i>E. coli</i> IMT11322 = avain non-pathogenic <i>E. coli</i>; <i>E. coli</i> IMT4529 = avain pathogenic <i>E. Coli</i>.</p

Improving Ionic Conductivity and Lithium-Ion Transference Number in Lithium-Ion Battery Separators

The microstructure of lithium-ion battery separators plays an important role in separator performance; however, here we show that a geometrical analysis falls short in predicting the lithium-ion transport in the electrolyte-filled pore space. By systematically modifying the surface chemistry of a commercial polyethylene separator while keeping its microstructure unchanged, we demonstrate that surface chemistry, which alters separator–electrolyte interactions, influences ionic conductivity and lithium-ion transference number. Changes in separator surface chemistry, particularly those that increase lithium-ion transference numbers can reduce voltage drops across the separator and improve <i>C</i>-rate capability