Is There a Causal Association between Genotoxicity and the Imposex Effect?-6

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Is There a Causal Association between Genotoxicity and the Imposex Effect?"</p><p></p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;114(S-1):20-26.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1874168.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI</p>nital organs such as penis and vas deferens in males () and females (). Values for 149 samples analyzed with 2,945 males and 2,321 females are shown, including calculated regressions: () = 6.82 + (77.7 + 6.82) / (1 + 10 ); = 0.745; < 0.0005. () = 6.85 + (79.0 + 6.85) / (1 + 10 ); = 0.788; < 0.0005

Map of southwest England indicating the three sites used for genotoxic analysis

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Is There a Causal Association between Genotoxicity and the Imposex Effect?"</p><p></p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;114(S-1):20-26.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1874168.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI</p

Scanning electron micrographs of depicting () imposex stage 3a with a penis and an anterior section of the vas deferens and () imposex stage 5a with a fully developed penis, vas deferens, and a prostate gland supplanting the vagina

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Is There a Causal Association between Genotoxicity and the Imposex Effect?"</p><p></p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;114(S-1):20-26.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1874168.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI</p> Abbreviations: gp, genital papilla; p, penis; pr, prostate gland; vd, vas deferens

Is There a Causal Association between Genotoxicity and the Imposex Effect?-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Is There a Causal Association between Genotoxicity and the Imposex Effect?"</p><p></p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;114(S-1):20-26.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1874168.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI</p

Is There a Causal Association between Genotoxicity and the Imposex Effect?-5

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Is There a Causal Association between Genotoxicity and the Imposex Effect?"</p><p></p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;114(S-1):20-26.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1874168.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI</p>olymph sinus; me, mantle epithelium; mu, musculature; ne, neoplasmic like growth. Overview and detail of a normal epithelium in () and () and of an epithelium with growth in () and ()

Is There a Causal Association between Genotoxicity and the Imposex Effect?-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Is There a Causal Association between Genotoxicity and the Imposex Effect?"</p><p></p><p>Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;114(S-1):20-26.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1874168.</p><p>This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original DOI</p

Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals representing the odds of a CVD diagnosis per 1 unit increase in log transformed urinary tungsten (expressed as µg per mg of urinary creatinine) for NHANES participants less than 75 years of age or less than 50 years of age.

a<p>The adjusted models include age, sex, ethnicity, SES, smoking, alcohol consumption, occupation, BMI, hypertenstion, hypercholesterolemia, molybdenum and cobalt concentration as covariates.</p>b<p>In this model all urinary tungsten measures were included, including the 503 individuals with a concentration below the lowest detectable limit.</p><p>Statistical significance is denoted by * representing <i>P</i><0.05.</p

Demographics of the pooled dataset and the weighted mean urinary tungsten concentration for the various demographic variables.

<p><i>P</i> values represent statistical significance of the different tungsten concentrations for each demographic variable. The <i>P</i> value presented in () includes an adjustment for urinary creatinine. Statistical comparisons excluded individuals in the unknown categoriesTables.</p

Bar charts representing the mean urinary tungsten concentrations in individuals with and without a self-reported stroke or CVD diagnosis.

<p>Error bars represent the 95% confidence intervals and the <i>P</i> value represents the comparison of tungsten concentrations in people with and without a stroke diagnosis.</p

Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals representing the odds of a stroke diagnosis per 1 unit increase in log transformed urinary tungsten (expressed as µg per mg of urinary creatinine) for NHANES participants less than 75 years of age or less than 50 years of age.

a<p>The adjusted models include age, sex, ethnicity, SES, smoking, occupation, BMI, hypertenstion, hypercholesterolemia, molybdenum and cobalt concentration as covariates.</p>b<p>In this model all urinary tungsten measures were included, including the 503 individuals with a concentration below the lowest detectable limit.</p><p>Statistical significance is denoted by ^?, * and ** representing <i>P</i><0.1, <i>P</i><0.05 and <i>P</i><0.01 respectively.</p