Mechanisms of Polymer-Templated Nanoparticle Synthesis: Contrasting ZnS and Au

We combine solution small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and high-resolution analytical transmission electron microscopy (ATEM) to gain a full mechanistic understanding of substructure formation in nanoparticles templated by block copolymer reverse micelles, specifically poly­(styrene)-<i>block</i>-poly­(2-vinylpyridine). We report a novel substructure for micelle-templated ZnS nanoparticles, in which small crystallites (∼4 nm) exist within a larger (∼20 nm) amorphous organic–inorganic hybrid matrix. The formation of this complex structure is explained via SAXS measurements that characterize <i>in situ</i> for the first time the intermediate state of the metal-loaded micelle core: Zn²⁺ ions are distributed throughout the micelle core, which solidifies as a unit on sulfidation. The nanoparticle size is thus determined by the radius of the metal-loaded core, rather than the quantity of available metal ions. This mechanism leads to particle size counterintuitively decreasing with increasing metal content, based on the modified interactions of the metal-complexed monomers in direct contrast to gold nanoparticles templated by the same polymer