Sensitivity analyses.

<p>OR  =  Odds Ratio; CI  =  Confidence Interval.</p>a<p>– All models adjusted for the variables listed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039518#pone-0039518-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations between physical activity level and influenza-coded outpatient visits (adjusted and unadjusted analyses).

a<p>– All models adjusted for the variables listed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039518#pone-0039518-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Baseline characteristics by physical activity level.

<p>MET  =  resting metabolic rate.</p>a<p>– Data are presented as Number (%) of patients unless otherwise specified.</p

Observed (uncorrected) and lead time bias corrected median survival times and cumulative survival following hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis among patients with viral hepatitis by different timing of ultrasonographic surveillance (N = 1,483).

<p>CI, confidence interval.</p><p>*Includes 1 screen annually for 2 years before HCC diagnosis (n = 285) and ≥2 screens annually for 2 years before HCC diagnosis (n = 17).</p><p>Observed (uncorrected) and lead time bias corrected median survival times and cumulative survival following hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis among patients with viral hepatitis by different timing of ultrasonographic surveillance (N = 1,483).</p

Kaplan-Meier survival estimates of patients diagnosed with viral hepatitis-induced hepatocellular carcinoma by the timing of ultrasonographic surveillance*, 2000–2010: 2a (uncorrected for lead-time bias); 2b (lead-time bias corrected with HCC sojourn time 70 days); 2c (lead-time bias corrected with HCC sojourn time 140 days); 2d 2b (lead-time bias corrected with HCC sojourn time 180 days).

<p>*Routine surveillance: 1 screen annually and ≥2 screens annually for 2 years before HCC diagnosis. Inconsistent screening: at least 1 screen either within 12 months or between 12-<24 months before HCC diagnosis.</p

Predictors of receiving one or more ultrasound screening annually for 2 years before hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis among patients with viral hepatitis: Log binomial regression.

<p>Overall <i>p</i>-values</p><p>*Age at HCC diagnosis: <i>p</i> = 0.365 (unadjusted)</p><p>^†Income quintile: <i>p</i> = 0.243 (unadjusted)</p><p>^‡Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index: <i>p</i> = 0.2436 (unadjusted)</p><p>^¶Outpatient visits in 2 years before HCC diagnosis: <i>p</i> = 0.001 (unadjusted); <i>p</i> = 0.002 (adjusted)</p><p>^¥Viral hepatitis index year: <i>p</i> = 0.673 (unadjusted).</p><p>RR, risk ratio; CI, confidence interval; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; ALD, alcoholic liver disease; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.</p><p>Predictors of receiving one or more ultrasound screening annually for 2 years before hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis among patients with viral hepatitis: Log binomial regression.</p

Study flow diagram.

<p>Study flow diagram.</p

Descriptive characteristics of viral hepatitis patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma by different timing of ultrasonographic surveillance.

<p>‘‘-‘‘, counts less than six have been suppressed.</p><p>*At least 1 screen either within 12 months or between 12-<24 months before HCC diagnosis</p><p>^†1 screen annually for 2 years before HCC diagnosis</p><p>^‡≥2 screens annually for 2 years before HCC diagnosis.</p><p>^¶Missing data: rural residence (n = 2); Income quintile (n = 6).</p><p>^§Decompensated cirrhosis: i.e., cirrhosis and any recorded ascites, esophageal varices, or hepatic encephalopathy.</p><p>Descriptive characteristics of viral hepatitis patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma by different timing of ultrasonographic surveillance.</p

Association between different timing of ultrasonographic surveillance and the risk of mortality following hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis among patients with viral hepatitis: Cox proportional-hazards regression models, with survival times uncorrected and corrected for lead time bias.

<p>*Adjusted for: age at HCC diagnosis; sex; rural residence; income quintile; Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index; diabetes diagnosis; indicators of severe liver disease: No alcoholic liver disease (ALD)+no cirrhosis; No ALD+Cirrhosis only; No ALD+Decompensated cirrhosis; ALD+No cirrhosis; ALD+Cirrhosis; ALD+Decompensated cirrhosis; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)+Cirrhosis; and index year of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis.</p><p>^†All covariates, including receipt of HCC curative treatment (i.e., surgical resection, liver transplantation, or radiofrequency ablation). Variables modeled as time-dependent covariate include: Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index; diabetes diagnosis; and HCC curative treatment.</p><p>Association between different timing of ultrasonographic surveillance and the risk of mortality following hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis among patients with viral hepatitis: Cox proportional-hazards regression models, with survival times uncorrected and corrected for lead time bias.</p

Predicted number of cases averted by influenza vaccination, by study outcome.

a<p>Percent averted among vaccinees is calculated as (cases averted / [total cases in the vaccinated population during weeks of influenza virus circulation + cases averted]) * 100</p