Behavioural response (mean number± SE) of <i>Cicadulina storeyi</i> adult leafhoppers to VOCs collected from <i>cis</i>-jasmone (CJ)-treated, adult <i>C. storeyi</i>-infested maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) seedlings versus VOCs collected from control-treated, adult <i>C. storeyi</i>-infested maize seedlings in a Y-tube olfactometer.

<p>VOCs were collected 0–3 h, 3–6 h, 6–22 h, 22–30 h, 30–46 h, 46–54 h, 54–70 h and 70–78 h after addition of <i>C. storeyi</i>. n = 10. Data were analysed using a paired <i>t</i>-test. ***<i>P</i><0.001. White columns = control treatment, then <i>C. storeyi</i> infestation. Grey columns = CJ treatment, then <i>C. storeyi</i> infestation.</p

Mean quantities (± SE) of VOCs released by maize(<i>Zea mays</i>) seedlings following either CJ or control treatment, and then wounding+JA exposure 24 h later.

<p>VOCs were collected every 24 h over a continuous 96 h period. A = 24 h period between CJ or control treatment and wounding+JA exposure; B = 0–24 h after wounding+JA exposure; C = 24–48 h after wounding+JA exposure; D = 48–72 h after wounding+JA exposure. (<i>E</i>)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene = DMNT; (<i>E,E</i>)-4,8,12-dimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene = TMTT. Data were expressed as nanograms of VOC released per 24 h collection period (9 plants were used per treatment) and were analysed using paired <i>t</i>-tests *<i>P</i><0.05. n = 4. Grey columns = CJ treatment, then wounding+JA. White columns = control treatment, then wounding+JA.</p

Mean quantities (log₁₀ng) of sesquiterpene VOCs and DMNT emitted by maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) seedlings following either <i>cis</i>-jasmone (CJ) or control treatment and then addition of <i>Cicadulina storeyi</i> (adults, n = 9 or nymphs, n = 10) 24 h later.

<p>VOCs were collected after <i>C. storeyi</i> addition during the following time periods: 0–6 h, 6–22 h, 22–30 h, 30–46 h, 46–54 h, 54–70 h and 70–78 h. Data were analysed using a split-plot in time ANOVA. Appropriate means were compared using LSD (5%) values.</p>*<p>For comparisons of treatments with or without CJ.</p>**<p>For all other comparisons. For the 0–6 h collection period, means with superscript letters a and b within the same column are significantly different (<i>P</i><0.05 LSD).</p

Revisiting the Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone of the Lesser Mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae): Identification of a Six-Component Pheromone from a Brazilian Population

The lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus Panzer 1797 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a cosmopolitan insect pest affecting poultry production. Due to its cryptic behavior, insecticide control is usually not efficient. Thus, sustainable and effective methods would have an enormous and positive impact in poultry production. The aim of this study was to confirm the identity of the male-produced aggregation pheromone for a Brazilian population of A. diaperinus and to evaluate its biological activity in behavioral assays. Six male-specific compounds were identified: (<i>R</i>)-limonene (<b>1</b>), (<i>E</i>)-ocimene (<b>2</b>), 2-nonanone (<b>3</b>), (<i>S</i>)-linalool (<b>4</b>), (<i>R</i>)-daucene (<b>5</b>), all described before in an American population, and a sixth component, (<i>E</i>,<i>E</i>)-α-farnesene (<b>6</b>), which is apparently exclusive to a Brazilian population. Y-Tube bioassays confirmed the presence of a male-produced aggregation pheromone and showed that all components need to be present in a similar ratio and concentration as emitted by male A. diaperinus to produce a positive chemotactic response