Construction, characterization and antibacterial activity of pyrazolone, thiohydantoin and their derivatives

Heterocyclic organic compounds play pivotal roles in drug synthesis and continue to remain a fundamental area of research interest. The present study reports the synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activities of synthesized organic compounds containing pyrazolone and thiohydantoin moieties. Pyrazolone and thiohydantoin scaffolds have been constructed using well-defined methods and their derivatives have been synthesized Structural elucidation has been achieved via IR and NMR spectroscopy techniques. The synthesized compounds have been screened for antimicrobial activity at 50 μg/mL concentration, against three pathogenic micro-organisms, viz: E. coli, K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa, using the agar diffusion cup plate method. Ciprofloxacin is used as control. Interestingly, all the compounds have exhibited antimicrobial activities. Compound 2b have shown the highest sensitivity against P. aeruginosa with ZOI of 13 mm. Compounds 1a and 2a have shown highest activity against K.pneumoniawith ZOI 11 mm each. Compound 2a has shown highest sensitivity against E. coli with ZOI of 8 mm. These findings indicate that the synthesized compounds are pure and possess therapeutic properties

Construction, characterization and antibacterial activity of pyrazolone, thiohydantoin and their derivatives

1323-1327Heterocyclic organic compounds play pivotal roles in drug synthesis and continue to remain a fundamental area of research interest. The present study reports the synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activities of synthesized organic compounds containing pyrazolone and thiohydantoin moieties. Pyrazolone and thiohydantoin scaffolds have been constructed using well-defined methods and their derivatives have been synthesized Structural elucidation has been achieved via IR and NMR spectroscopy techniques. The synthesized compounds have been screened for antimicrobial activity at 50 μg/mL concentration, against three pathogenic micro-organisms, viz: E. coli, K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa, using the agar diffusion cup plate method. Ciprofloxacin is used as control. Interestingly, all the compounds have exhibited antimicrobial activities. Compound 2b have shown the highest sensitivity against P. aeruginosa with zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 13 mm. Compounds 1a and 2a have shown highest activity against K.pneumonia with ZOI 11 mm each. Compound 2a has shown highest sensitivity against E. coli with ZOI of 8 mm. These findings indicate that the synthesized compounds are pure and possess therapeutic properties

Potentially toxic metals in irrigation water, soil, and vegetables and their health risks using Monte Carlo models

Food safety has become a serious global concern because of the accumulation of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) in crops cultivated on contaminated agricultural soils. Amongst these toxic elements, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) receive worldwide attention because of their ability to cause deleterious health effects. Thus, an assessment of these toxic metals in the soils, irrigation waters, and the most widely consumed vegetables in Nigeria; Spinach (Amaranthushybridus), and Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) was evaluated using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The mean concentration (measured in mg kg− 1) of the PTMs in the soils was in the sequence Cr (81.77) > Pb(19.91) > As(13.23) > Cd(3.25), exceeding the WHO recommended values in all cases. This contamination was corroborated by the pollution evaluation indices. The concentrations (measured in mg l− 1) of the PTMs in the irrigation water followed a similar pattern i.e. Cr(1.87) > Pb(1.65) > As(0.85) > Cd(0.20). All the PTMs being studied, were found in the vegetables with Cr (5.37 and 5.88) having the highest concentration, followed by Pb (3.57 and 4.33), and As (1.09 and 1.67), while Cd (0.48 and 1.04) had the lowest concentration (all measured in mg kg− 1) for cabbage and spinach, respectively. The concentration of the toxic metals was higher in spinach than in cabbage, which may be due to the redistribution of the greater proportion of the metals above the ground tissue, caused by the bioavailability of metals in the aqueous phase. Expectedly, the hazard index (HI),and carcinogenic risk values of spinach were higher than that of cabbage. This implies that spinach poses potentially higher health risks. Similarly, the Monte Carlo simulation results reveal that the 5th percentile, 95th percentile, and 50th percentile of the cumulative probability of cancer risks due to the consumption of these vegetables exceeds the acceptable range of 1.00E−6 and 1.00E−4. Thus, the probable risk of a cancerous effect is high, and necessary remedial actions are recommended