Lung cancer and breast cancer mortality trends among 45–74-year-old European women

Introduction. We aimed to analyze and compare the most up-to-date breast and lung cancer mortality rates in European women aged 45–74. Material and methods. The data on breast and lung cancer mortality in 1960–2017 were obtained from the World Health Organization Mortality Data Base and Eurostat. To determine the mortality trends and generate annual percent change, with 95% confidence intervals, joinpoint regression was applied. Results. In most European Union (EU) member states (15 out of 28), lung cancer mortality was higher than breast cancer mortality, with either increasing or stable lung cancer mortality rates. In four other EU countries, breast and lung cancer mortality rates in the last reported year were almost equal or equal. Conclusions. Lung cancer is becoming the leading cause of cancer deaths among European women. There is a need for ensuring women-targeted smoking cessation services to decrease tobacco-attributable lung cancer mortality

A New Hierarchy of Research Evidence for Tumor Pathology: A Delphi Study to Define Levels of Evidence in Tumor Pathology

The hierarchy of evidence is a fundamental concept in evidence-based medicine, but existing models can be challenging to apply in laboratory-based health care disciplines, such as pathology, where the types of evidence and contexts are significantly different from interventional medicine. This project aimed to define a comprehensive and complementary framework of new levels of evidence for evaluating research in tumor pathology-introducing a novel Hierarchy of Research Evidence for Tumor Pathology collaboratively designed by pathologists with help from epidemiologists, public health professionals, oncologists, and scientists, specifically tailored for use by pathologists-and to aid in the production of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors (WCT) evidence gap maps. To achieve this, we adopted a modified Delphi approach, encompassing iterative online surveys, expert oversight, and external peer review, to establish the criteria for evidence in tumor pathology, determine the optimal structure for the new hierarchy, and ascertain the levels of confidence for each type of evidence. Over a span of 4 months and 3 survey rounds, we collected 1104 survey responses, culminating in a 3-day hybrid meeting in 2023, where a new hierarchy was unanimously agreed upon. The hierarchy is organized into 5 research theme groupings closely aligned with the subheadings of the WCT, and it consists of 5 levels of evidence-level P1 representing evidence types that merit the greatest level of confidence and level P5 reflecting the greatest risk of bias. For the first time, an international collaboration of pathology experts, supported by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, has successfully united to establish a standardized approach for evaluating evidence in tumor pathology. We intend to implement this novel Hierarchy of Research Evidence for Tumor Pathology to map the available evidence, thereby enriching and informing the WCT effectively.The overall project, International Agency for Research on Cancer, and beneficiaries (German Heart Centre Munich, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, and Instituto de Salud Carlos III) are funded by the European Commission (HORIZON grant no. 101057127). R.C. and F.C. are funded by UK Research and Innovation. S.H. has received research funding or honoraria from Roche, BMS, Merck, Sysmex, Thermo, Volition, Trillium, Medica, and Instand and is a founder of SFZ BioCoDE and CEBIO. P.H.T. has received honoraria from AstraZeneca.S

Lung cancer and breast cancer mortality trends among 45–74-year-old European women

Introduction. We aimed to analyze and compare the most up-to-date breast and lung cancer mortality rates in European women aged 45–74. Material and methods. The data on breast and lung cancer mortality in 1960–2017 were obtained from the World Health Organization Mortality Data Base and Eurostat. To determine the mortality trends and generate annual percent change, with 95% confidence intervals, joinpoint regression was applied. Results. In most European Union (EU) member states (15 out of 28), lung cancer mortality was higher than breast cancer mortality, with either increasing or stable lung cancer mortality rates. In four other EU countries, breast and lung cancer mortality rates in the last reported year were almost equal or equal. Conclusions. Lung cancer is becoming the leading cause of cancer deaths among European women. There is a need for ensuring women-targeted smoking cessation services to decrease tobacco-attributable lung cancer mortality.Introduction. We aimed to analyze and compare the most up-to-date breast and lung cancer mortality rates in European women aged 45–74. Material and methods. The data on breast and lung cancer mortality in 1960–2017 were obtained from the World Health Organization Mortality Data Base and Eurostat. To determine the mortality trends and generate annual percent change, with 95% confidence intervals, joinpoint regression was applied. Results. In most European Union (EU) member states (15 out of 28), lung cancer mortality was higher than breast cancer mortality, with either increasing or stable lung cancer mortality rates. In four other EU countries, breast and lung cancer mortality rates in the last reported year were almost equal or equal. Conclusions. Lung cancer is becoming the leading cause of cancer deaths among European women. There is a need for ensuring women-targeted smoking cessation services to decrease tobacco-attributable lung cancer mortality