Comparison of resting masticatory muscle activity among women of different ages

Background: Surface electromyography is one of the test methods allowing to evaluate the bioelectric activity of muscles using the excitability of some tissues. One of the components of the electromyographic study is the recording of resting muscle activity, referred to as passive skeletal muscle tension. The main function of resting tension is to maintain posture with minimal energy costs. The aim of this study was to compare resting masticatory muscle activity between women of different ages. Materials and methods: 75 women were invited to the study, 27 women were admitted after applying the exclusion criteria (average age 22 years ± 2 years). Qualified women were divided into three groups depending on their age: 1st group - 20-year-olds, the 2nd group - twenty-two-year-olds and 3rd group - twenty-four-year-olds. The study involved an 8-channel BioEMG IIITM surface electromyography apparatus with BioPak Measurement System (BioResearch Associates, Inc. Milwaukee, WI, USA). The surface electrodes were distributed bilaterally to the muscle fibre direction of temporal and masseter muscles. The nonparametric U Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical calculations. Statistical significance was determined at 5%. Results: An increase in the resting activity of temporal muscle and a decrease in the resting activity of masseter muscles depending on age were observed. Differences in resting activity were not statistically significant p> 0.05. Conclusions: The results suggest that there are no significant relationships between age and masticatory muscle activity among healthy young women. However, due to the small research group, we recommend further research in this direction

The influence of sport climbing on depression and anxiety levels - literature review

Introduction: Depression, as one of the most common psychological disorders, which is characterized by anxiety problems, lack of energy, feeling of worthlessness or self-esteem problems affects from 5 to 17% of the population. Despite the fact that it is such a vast problem, standard methods of treatment are usually unsatisfactory and relatively not universally accessible. For these reasons, it is crucial that some alternatives to traditional methods of depression treating, such as physical activity should be pursued. Methods and materials: The main study material of our research consisted of publications, which were found in PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar databases. The first stage of the research was to find publications from the last 5 years and review the mentioned titles. The second stage was to conduct an overview of the abstracts as well as entire texts. Based on these criteria, four publications have been qualified for the study. Results: The overview of the literature indicates that despite the differences in methodology, size and age of the study groups, some comparable conclusions when it comes to the effectiveness of practicing climbing on the process of regulating emotions can be drawn. What is more, practicing climbing can benefit depression treatment by controlling the feeling of fear and anxiety, which may also occur during depression. Conclusions: The research suggests that sport climbing can positively influence the reduction of the depression and anxiety levels as well as maintain emotional stability. Further research should be carried out on the question of whether it is sport climbing as a particular sport that influences the reduction of depression and anxiety levels, or is any other form of physical activity equally influential when it comes the reduction of these disorders

Influence of the quality of sleep on the masticatory muscle activity - a pilot study

Introduction: Modern literature indicates an uptrend in the occurrence of sleep disorders. Currently, about 30-40% of adults are suffering from sleep disorders, which makes them one of the most common health problems of the population. The aim of the study: The determination of the quality of sleep on the muscle tension of the masticatory apparatus. Methods and materials: 27 adults volunteered to take part in the study. After the application of the exclusion criteria, 12 women (with an average age of 23 ± 1 year) have qualified. They were subsequently divided into two equal groups, in accordance with the guidelines of the Pittsburgh questionnaire: six women with a below 6 point result - high quality of sleep and six women with an over 6 point result (or higher) - low quality of sleep. Electromyographic activity of the anterior temporalis (TA) and masseter muscle (MM) was evaluated in resting mandibular position. Based on the electromyographic results, the values of the asymmetry indexes of the muscles of the masticatory apparatus muscles were calculated. The U Mann-Whitney test has been used for the statistical analysis, with the significance level of 0,05. Results: There were no significant differences in resting activity of the anterior temporalis, masseter muscles and the asymmetry index of the anterior temporalis between groups (p>0,05). There was the significant difference in the asymmetry index of masseter muscles between groups (

Determination of the influence of motor habit in the form of wearing a bag on the formation and persistence of pain complaints of the injured glenohumeral joint

INTRODUCTION Pain within the glenohumeral joint is characterized as a limitation and pain when performing shoulder joint movements. Considering that this ailment is found in about 20-33% of the population, it seems to be important to investigate the factors that cause these symptoms. One of the reasons for the formation of pain syndrome may be an incorrect posture and overloading within the glenohumeral joint resulting from the habit of carrying the bag on one arm. AIM OF STUDY The aim of this study was to determine whether the motor habit in the form of wearing a bag is associated with the formation and maintenance of pain within the weighted shoulder joint. MATERIALS AND METHODS Applying the exclusion criteria, 126 women were qualified for the study (mean age 26 years ± 6 years). In order to determine the intensity of pain, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used. The surveyed women were asked to determine the time of occurrence of the length of pain and to provide anthropometric data such as weight and height. The following were used for statistical analysis: the Shapiro-Wilk test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (with the Lillierfors amendment). Differences were considered statistically significant if the test probability level was lower than the assumed level of significance (

Sleep bruxism risk factors in children: a literature review

Introduction: Bruxism is defined as a repetitive jaw and muscle activity involving teeth clenching and/or grinding which may occur during everyday activities or during sleep. The aetiology of bruxism includes three groups of causes: psychosocial, personal and pathophysiological factors. Currently, there is no effective method of treatment to completely eliminate the problem of bruxism. Teeth protection and pain reduction methods are used. Bruxism-associated pain is found in approximately 47.6% of children aged 3–6 years. The aim of the present study was to establish sleep bruxism risk factors in children based on a literature review. Material and methods: The material for review included articles from the PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar databases. In order to identify suitable publications the search was conducted using combinations of the following keywords: “bruxism,” “child,” “teeth grinding” (according to Medical Subject Headings, MeSH). This review includes 12 publication regarding sleep bruxism risk factors in children. Results: The association between bruxism and respiratory disorders and that between bruxism and sleep problems were described by three studies each. Stress as a predisposing factor was noted in four articles and parental divorce in two papers. Conclusions: 1) Respiratory disorders during sleep, sleep disorders and stressful situations, particularly parents’ divorce, contribute to sleep bruxism in children. 2) The impact of the remaining factors discussed in this paper on the development of sleep bruxism requires further research.Wstęp: Bruksizm jest definiowany jako powtarzalna czynność szczękowo-mięśniowa, przejawiająca się zaciskaniem i/lub zgrzytaniem zębów, która może wystąpić podczas codziennych aktywności lub w czasie snu. W etiologii bruksizmu można wyodrębnić trzy grupy jego przyczyn: czynniki psychospołeczne, czynniki osobowe i czynniki patofizjologiczne. Obecnie brak jest skutecznej metody leczenia, która zupełnie eliminowałaby problem bruksizmu. Stosuje się metody chroniące zęby oraz zmniejszające dolegliwości bólowe występujące w przebiegu tego zaburzenia, które jest stwierdzane u około 47,6% dzieci w wieku 3–6 lat. Celem badań autorów niniejszej pracy było ustalenie na podstawie przeglądu literatury czynników ryzyka bruksizmu występującego w czasie snu u dzieci. Materiał i metody: Materiał do przeglądu stanowiły artykuły z baz PubMed, ResearchGate i Google Scholar. W celu identyfikacji odpowiednich publikacji wyszukiwanie zostało przeprowadzone przy użyciu kombinacji słów kluczy: bruxism, child, teeth grinding (według Medical Subject Headings, MeSH). W niniejszym przeglądzie uwzględniono 12 publikacji dotyczących czynników ryzyka bruksizmu w czasie snu u dzieci. Wyniki: Związek między występowaniem bruksizmu a trudnościami z oddychaniem w trakcie snu, jak również problemami ze snem opisały po trzy prace. Stres jako czynnik predysponujący został dostrzeżony w czterech artykułach, a rozwód rodziców dziecka – w kolejnych dwóch. Wnioski: 1) Zaburzenia oddychania w trakcie snu, zaburzenia snu oraz sytuacje stresowe, w szczególności rozwód rodziców, przyczyniają się do występowania bruksizmu sennego u dzieci. 2) Wpływ pozostałych czynników omawianych w niniejszej pracy na rozwój bruksizmu w czasie snu wymaga dalszych badań

Depression and Resting Masticatory Muscle Activity

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of moderate depression determined based on Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMDs) Axis II on the bioelectrical resting activity of temporal muscles and masseter muscles. Methods: The research participants were 68 healthy adult women. Of these, 46 people h (mean age: 22 ± 1 year) who had no temporomandibular disorders were selected for the research. They were divided based on results from RDC/TMDs (Axis II: scale’s measurement) into the study group with a moderate level of depression (23 people), rest of participants without symptoms of depression were classified to control group (23 people). The resting activity of temporal muscles and masseter muscles was examined by using BioEMGIII electromyograph. Two statistical analyses were used: Shapiro–Wilk test and Mann–Whitney U test. Results: Despite higher mean tensions of temporal muscles and masseter muscles in the group with depression, results findings were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Moderate depression determined based on the RDC/TMDs II axis questionnaire is not related to the resting activity of selected masticatory muscles. Further research should be continued on a larger group of respondents in order to establish the relationship between psychological factors and bioelectrical parameters of the masticatory muscles

The Effects of Wearing a Medical Mask on the Masticatory and Neck Muscle Activity in Healthy Young Women

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of wearing a medical mask on masticatory and neck muscle activity in healthy young women. We recruited 66 healthy women aged from 18 to 30 years (mean 23.6 ± 2.3 years). The temporalis anterior (TA), the superficial part of the masseter muscle (MM), the anterior bellies of the digastric muscle (DA), and the middle part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) potentials were recorded at rest and during functional activity using an eight-channel device for surface electromyography—BioEMG IIITM. There was a statistically significant decrease in mean TA activity during medical mask measurement compared to no mask examination at rest (2.16 µV vs. 2.58 µV; p = 0.05; ES = 0.2). Significant decreases in resting RMS values were also observed during the medical mask phase in comparison to no mask examination concerning the left MM (1.75 µV vs. 2.17 µV; p = 0.01; ES = 0.3), and mean bioelectrical activity of the MM (1.81 µV vs. 2.15 µV; p = 0.02; ES = 0.2). The differences between the two conditions did not reach the assumed significance level (p > 0.05) in terms of other indices. Wearing a medical mask has a small effect on decreasing the resting potentials of the temporalis anterior and masseter muscles without changing the parameters of activity and asymmetry within the stomatognathic system

Masticatory Muscle Thickness and Activity Correlates to Eyeball Length, Intraocular Pressure, Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Healthy Women versus Women with Myopia

This study aims to examine the correlations between masticatory and neck muscle thickness and activity versus eyeball length, retinal thickness, choroidal thickness, and intraocular pressure in healthy women versus women with myopia. The study group consisted of 21 women aged 24 years and a control group of 19 women (mean age 23 years). For bioelectrical activity analysis within the temporalis anterior, the superficial part of the masseter muscle, the middle part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, an eight-channel BioEMG III electromyograph were used. An M-Turbo ultrasound machine was used to analyze masticatory and neck muscle thickness. The eyeball length was examined by IOL Master 500; choroidal and retinal thickness by Optovue Angiovue; and intraocular pressure by Tono-Pen XL. Refractive errors are related to differences in muscle thickness and electromyographic activity. Bioelectrical activity within the temporalis anterior seems to be associated with ocular length, retinal thickness, and choroidal thickness in women with myopia