Znaczenie uwarunkowań socjo-demograficznych oraz wybranych cech osobowości w kształtowaniu postaw Polaków wobec szczepień przeciw COVID-19.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the level of particular personality traits and attitudes of Poles towards immunization, including against COVID-19, and to analyze potential predictors of these attitudes. Materials and methods: The online survey, conducted in September and October 2021, included 1466 individuals (50.6% female) aged 18 to 80 years (M = 42.81; SD = 12.46). The anonymous and voluntary online survey included original questions on attitudes toward immunization, including COVID-19 vaccination, rated on a 1-7 scale, past occurrence of NOP, and the Polish adaptation of the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI)-TIPI-PL test. Results: It was shown that significant predictors of the level of acceptance of immunization were female gender, size of residence, education and past occurrence of NOP. In case of personality traits it was agreeableness, emotional stability and openness to experience. Sources of knowledge about vaccination were also significantly related: friends' opinions, Internet and experts' opinions. A higher level of agreeableness and openness to experience was correlated with a higher level of acceptance of vaccinations, whereas a higher level of emotional stability was correlated with a lower level of acceptance of vaccinations. Female gender, higher education and size of town of residence predisposed to acceptance of immunizations, whereas occurrence of vaccine adverse effect predisposed to low level of acceptance.Cel pracy: Celem pracy jest określenie poziomu poszczególnych cech osobowości oraz postaw Polaków wobec szczepień ochronnych, w tym przeciw COVID-19 oraz analiza potencjalnych predyktorów tych postaw. Materiały i metody: Badaniem online, prowadzonym we wrześniu i październiku 2021 roku objęto 1466 osób (50,6% kobiet) w wieku od 18 do 80 lat (M = 42.81; SD = 12.46). Anonimowa i dobrowolna ankieta online zawierała autorskie pytania dotyczące postaw wobec szczepień ochronnych, w tym także szczepień przeciwko COVID-19, oceniane na skali 1-7, wystąpienie NOP w przeszłości i polską adaptację testu Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI)- TIPI-PL. Wyniki: Wykazano, że istotnymi predyktorami poziomu akceptacji szczepień ochronnych były: płeć żeńska, wielkość miejsca zamieszkania, wykształcenie i wystąpienie NOP w przeszłości. W przypadku cech osobowościowych była to ugodowość, stabilność emocjonalna oraz otwartość na doświadczenie. Istotny związek miały również źródła wiedzy na temat szczepień: opinie znajomych, Internet i opinie ekspertów. Wyższy poziom ugodowość i otwartości na doświadczenie współwystępował z wyższym poziomem akcpetacji szczepień ochronnych, natomiast wyższy poziom stabilności emocjonalnej korelował z niższym poziomem akceptacji szczepień. Płeć żeńska, wyższe wykształcenie oraz wielkość miejscowości zamieszkania predysponowały do akceptacji szczepień ochronnych, natomiast wystąpienie NOP predysponowało do niskiego jej poziomu

The Effect of Calcineurin Inhibitors on MMPs Activity in Heart and Their Side Effects—A Review of Literature

This review focuses on the role of metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of myocardial injury in various disease entities. It reveals how the expression and serum levels of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors change in many disease states. At the same time, the study offers a review of the impact of immunosuppressive treatment on this relationship. Modern immunosuppressive treatment is based mainly on the use of calcineurin inhibitors, including cyclosporine A and tacrolimus. The use of these drugs may carry a number of side effects, specifically to the cardiovascular system. The scale and degree of long-term influence on the organism remains unclear, but a significant risk of complications for transplant recipients who take immunosuppressive drugs as part of their daily treatment is to be expected. Therefore, the knowledge on this subject should be expanded and the negative effects of post-transplant therapy minimized. Immunosuppressive therapy plays an important role in the expression and activation of tissue metalloproteinases and their specific inhibitors, which leads to many tissue changes. The presented study is a collection of research results on the effects of calcineurin inhibitors on the heart, with particular emphasis placed on the participation of MMP-2 and MMP-9. It is also an analysis of the effects of specific heart diseases on myocardial remodeling through inductive or inhibitory effects on matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors

The Effects of Chronic Immunosuppressive Treatment on Morphological Changes in Cardiac Tissue and the Balance between Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and Their Inhibitors in the Rat Heart

Using different three-drug immunosuppressive treatment regimens in a rat model, we aimed to determine the effects of long-term therapy on metalloproteinase-2 and metalloproteinase-9 activity and the expression of their inhibitors, as well as to assess the morphology of the animals’ cardiac tissue. Our results suggest that chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs disrupts the balance between the activity of MMPs and TIMPs. Depending on the type of drug regimen used, this leads to abnormalities in the cardiac structure, collagen fiber accumulation, or cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. The information obtained in the present study allows us to conclude that the chronic treatment of rats with the most common clinical immunosuppressive regimens may contribute to abnormalities in the myocardial structure and function. The results presented in this study may serve as a prelude to more in-depth analyses and additional research into the optimal selection of an immunosuppressive treatment with the lowest possible risk of cardiovascular complications for patients receiving organ transplants